Han River Cung Acang Mi Khuaruahhar Miracle

Biadomhnak:Han river hi Seoul khuapi pawng a luangmi tiva pakhat a si i South Korea tuanbia ah min a lang ngai mi a si.Tuluk le South Korea kar chawlehnak lam tha bik zongah an rak hmang bal.Korean war a dih ka 1960 hrawngah South Korea minung pakhat nih kumkhat chung income $80 hrawng long an rak hmuh khawh ti a si.Nain, General Park Chung-hee uknak a lak hnu 1961 in Korea ram economy rangtak in a thangcho i tuni ah cun per capita income $30000 leng a phan hlei ah vawlei cung ram rumbik 12nak ah a um cang(IMF,2012).Hitluk rangin South Korea economy a kai khawh khuaruahhar hmel chunhnak ah 'Miracle on the Han River' tiin min pek a si.

20th Century Chung Korea Sunghzatlaknak:South Korea a thancho hi nitlak ram he tahchunh ah cun a tlai deuh ngai, 20th century cheu hi cu vanchiatnak nih a tlak ve. Korea zonghi kan mah kawlram bantuk in Japan uknak an rak tuar bal.Japan uknak hi 1910 in a thawk i Japan second world war asungh hnu 1945 in Independence an pek hna. Independence an ngah le cangka in Korea ram then hnih ah a then colh,Soviet Union nih communist a duhmi North a tanhpi i US nih South lei a tang ve. Cuticun kum thum chung remnak ser an rak timh nain hnatlaknak hmuh kho loin huatnak tu a zual i 1948 ah an mah le cozah cio an rak ser i cuticun North le South cu a cheu thai(Asia for Educator website).

North le South a cheu hnu in an kar ah huatnak a zual tuk. US nih adirpi mi South lei nih democracy kalpi an duh,Soviet Union nih adirpi mi North lei nih communist an duh ve. June,1950 ah North Korea hruaitu Kim II Sung nih ramhnih komh communist ram ser a duh caah South cu a phomh. Soviet Union le China nih an hung tanhpi, US le UN member ram tampi nih South an bawmh ve. Kumthum chung ral an tho i minung nunnak 4 million leng a liam(Boos and Donald W,1996). Inn lo tampi a rawk. Cutikah,South Korea cu Japan uknak tangah thanchonak zeihmanh a rak tuah kho lo hlei ah Korean War ruangah sunghzatlaknak tampi a tong i vawleicung ram sifak list tiangah a rak tel ve.South Korea hi kan mah Chin bantuk in ramthilchuak(natural resources) a ngei ve lomi an si i ral a daih ka kum tam nawn cu ramdang bawmhnak in an rak nung ti a si(Wikipedia). 

South Korea Thancho Athawknak le Aruang: Japan uknak tha lo le Korean War ruangah kum tam nawn harsa ngai in khua an sa.Nain,General Park Chung Hee hruaimi ralkap uknak lak hnu 1961 in South Korea rang tak in a thangcho. Kawlram cu ralkap uknak tangah kan rak tumchuk nain South Korea cu phun dang pi a si. Cozah kuttang ah zei poah a rak um dih,dictator phun khat ti khawh zong a si.Cozah nih company nganpi tuah aforhfial hna,phaisa thazang zong aherhzat in a pek hna. Company ngan tampi ser in ramchung thilchuak karhter hram an thawk(Emerging Market Spotlight,2010). 

Hi campany nganpi hna hi Korea holh in 'Chaebols' an ti hna i chungkhar pakhat cio nih ngeih mi an si.Hi company nganpi hna nih korea ram long si loin vawlei ka kip ah hmunhma an khur. Nitin kan hman mi thilri an chuah i ramkip an kuat/phawtzamh. South Korea GDP hi 2012 ah $1.13 trillion a si. Export(ramdang kuat/zuarmi thil) ah $548.2billion a si (Wikipedia). Export long hmanh nih ram pumpi GDP 50% deng a si cang.Cuticun natural resources tha a ngei lo nain company hmang in thil tampi achuah khawh i ramdang thil kuat(export) a thawn caah hi tiang in a thancho a si. Atu ah cun Korean company si mi Samsung,Hyundai,LG le KIA hna cu vawlei hruaitu company ah an ni chuah i an ram economy zong an dirkamh rih.

Biadonghnak:South Korea tuanbia kan zoh tikah khuaruahhar thil hmuh khawh ngai a si. A innpa North Korea he cun van le vawlei in an ni thlau cang.Cu long hlah,ralkap uknak alak in a thangcho lehlam hi phun dang tuk a si. 20th century cheu cu sunghzatlaknak nih a den i vawleicung ram sifak pakat a rak si nain 21st century ah cun vawleicung ram rum pakhat ah achuah khawh ve hi khuaruahhar ngai a si ve caah 'Miracle on the Han River' or 'Han River Cung Acangmi Khuaruahhar Miracle' tiin min pek a phutnak a si.

Tulio Thailand Political Crisis Nih A Economy Adonkhanh Ning

South East Asia chung economy nganbik 2nak a si mi Thailand economy cu ramchung buaibainak(political crisis) ruangah kan hnu thlathum chung a tha der ngai,nikum nak in GDP a kaicho ning 2.1% in a hme deuh cang. Ramchung daihnak a um lo ruangah investor tampi chawleh an tuah ngam ti lo,ramdang tourist an tlawm deuh thluamah. Business center a si mi Bangkok khua lam tam deuh cu cozah dohtu nih an khuh dih caah fawi tein um kal khawh a si lo bangin chawleh tuah a fawi ti lo.Nizaan ralkap nih uknak a lak hnu lebang cun ramdang tourist le investor an zor chin lai ti cu a fiang.

Thailand economy kan zoh tikah GDP 16% leng hi tourism in a lut mi a si(The World Travel & Tourism Council,2014) i South East Asia ah tourist an kal duhnak bik hmun a si.Nikum ah  The TIME mekazine nih Thailand khualipi Bangkok cu vawleicung tourist panh bikmi khuapi(the most visited city in the world) ah a thim rih. Kumchiar ramdang tourist an karh chin leng mang i 2013 ah 26 million renglo nih an panh, i 2014 ah 29 million renglo nih an panh rih lai tiin an ruahdomh nain ram chung buaibainak ruangah an ruah ning a si ti lo.Thailand chung tukum tourist an zor ngai. Cuhleiah, U.S, Canada, Britain, France, Germany, Japan le Brazil le adang ram tampi nih an citizen Thailand tlawn i ral rin ding alert an pek rih hna.Cuticun,kan hnu thlathum chung hmanh ah ramdang tourist 400,000 leng an zor i $2.7billion hrawng an sungh tiah Tourism Authority of Thailand nih a thanh.

Political stability a um lo tikah foreign investor tampi zong investment tuah an ngamh ti lo,nikum November thawk in ramchung lut investor an tlawm deuh deuh. Ralkap nih uknak a lak hnu in a zual rih lai,2010 hlan kawlram a lo pah kho men. Import le export zong a tla ngai rih. Export hi March thla chung long hmanh ah nikum Marh nak in 3.12%  a tlawm deuh cang ti a si(Thailand Business News). 

Risk Analysis Moody's group vice president Thomas Byrne nih tukum chung Thailand economy hi 4-4.5% hrawng in a kai cho lai tiah kan ruah domh nain a tu political crisis ruangah 1-2% long a kai cang lai a ti.Cun,economist Rajiv Biswas a chim rih mi cu Thailand economy ah a lut hnga ding $8-$10billion hrawng cu nai political crisis ruangah a sung cang a ti ve. Irrawaddy news nih nizan ralkap uknak an lak hnu in kawlram he pehtlaihnak Mae Sot-Myawady lam hna zong an phih chung ti a si i tutan ralkap uknak an lak cu kawlram lei import&export zong a zor deuh kho.

Thailand hi ralkap nih uknak lak ti a tam ngai.Tutan hi avoi 12nak a si. 2006 ah Yingluck a tta pa Thaksin zong prime minister sinak in an thawl.Cuhnu cun tutiang daihnak a um kho ti lo. Tutan buainak ah minung 28 nunnak a liam.Democracy phung ning in Yingluck zong prime minister ah an thim nain an thawl than hoi cang. Cucaah,Thailand ram daihnak serding cu a rau pah rih lai i a economy zong a nuar rih ko lai.

Vawleicung Economy Nganbik Pathumnak Um India Caah Cahmai Thar Tialtu Ding Mr.Narendra Modi

Biadomhnak: Vawleicung minung tambik changtu India ram general election cu zarhnga chung an tuah hnu ah an lim cang ko,kum tampi chung teinak a rak hmu tu Gandhi chungkhar hruaimi Indian National Congress party cu Mr.Modi hruai mi BJP nih zohchia ngai in a tei ko. Tlawmpal ah parliamentary system in hruaimi India prime minister cu Mr.Modi a si cang lai. Vawleicung democracy ram ngan bik India caah cahmai thar cu Mr. Modi kut cung a phan cang ko,zeibantuk cafung dah a hman lai ti hi vawleipi nih ngiat ngai mi le i ngeih ngai a si.

Modi Konglawm Tlawmpal le An Duhnak Aruang: Kum 63 a si cang mi India Prime Minister ding Narendra Modi cu India ram nitlak lei Vanagar khua,Gujarat state ah 17September, 1950 ah achuak. Gujarat state hi India Independence Movement hruaitu Mahatma Gandhi chuahnak zong a si. Modi hi sifak chungkhar(backward class) in a kaicho i prime minister dirhmun tiang a phak khawh hi mitampi nih an upat khunnak a si.A pa hi Vanagar tlanglawng station ah lakphakti a zuar mi a si i a rak bawmh ve tawn hlei ah a u pa he bus station ah lakphak an rak zuar tawn ti a si. A cacawnnak hi Gujarat university in M.A,political science a ngah. 2001 in tutiang(3 terms) Gujarat chief minister(pyine wuncii choh) a tuan.

India mipi nih an duhnak aruangbik cu amah uknak chung Gujarat state athancho bantuk in India pumpi economy zong a thanchoter khawh lai timi zumhnak an ngei cio caah a si. Chief minister a tuan chungah Gujarat state athancho ning a rang tuk.India state top5 ah a chiah khawh. Gujarat state khualipi um Indian Institute of Management cu vawleicung business school top11 ah achiah khawh rih. 2019 hlan ah India university 20 tal cu vawleicung university thabik top 100 ka um ter lai a ti rih hoi.

Mr. Modi chief minister atuannak Gujarat cu The Economic Freedom of the States of India report(2013) nih India ram chung chawlehnak tuah a tha biknak state ah a thim. Foreign investor caah awl tein investment tuah khawh a si, chawleh tuah duh ah cozah nawlpeknak awl tein lak khawh a si(step a tam lo). Bureaucracy a um lo caah ziknawheinak(corruption) a tlawm. Amah pumpak hrim hi ziknawhei a doh ngai mi a si. Campaign a tuahnak zongah eihmuarnak doh ding hi abiapi ngai in a chim tawn, opposition dirhmun in a rak um lio ah INC cozah cu nan eihmuar tuk tiin um thiam lo a rak soisel hna. Eihmuar dohnak (anti-corruption) hi India mino lak ah a karh ngai caah mino 100million renglo nih mee(vote) an pek ti a si.

Cheukhat Nih An Dohnak Aruang: Mr. Modi India prime minister a si ding hi minority a si mi khrifa le muslim hna nih an tih ngai. India milu 80.5%(India census,2001) cu Hindu biaknak a zum mi an si. Modi hi RSS timi Hindu nationalist buu(organization) ah a cawlcangh ngai mi member pakhat a si. RSS hi thatnak lei(independence movement tbk) ah an cawlcangh ngai nain India ram khrifa thahnak le muslim thahnak tbk ah hruaitu an si tiah puh a si. Human Right watch report(1999) nih BJP(a tu Modi nih ahruaimi) nih 1998 Gujarat state thimnak buan a co hnu in khrifa dohnak a thawk thluamah tiin a thanh. 2008 Orissa state chung khrifa inn 4,400 khanghnak,minung 59 thahnak hna zong kha Modi ai telnak RSS hi alubik an si tiin puh a si. 

Khrifa long hlah,2002 Modi chief minister a tlin tlawmpal ah Gujarat state chung muslim 1000 renglo Hindu nih an thah hoi hna. Muslim a runveng hna lo,a zoh sawh sawh hna tiin vawleipi nih an soisel. US le UK nih visa an phih piak. Mitampi nih case an chuah, tazaa an cuai len nain court nih a reject dih hna,amah zong nih ka sual lo a ti peng.

Biadonghnak: Mr. Modi a tuanbia kan zoh tikah a thatnak zong a um i a chiatnak zong hmuh khawh pah a si. Gujarat bantuk in India pumpi zong a than choter deuh hrim lai ti cu zumh le i hngakhlang cio a si. Nain,anih hi Hindu biaknak atanh ngai mi a si caah khrifa le muslim cung a policy hi zeidah a lawh te lai timi hi issue ngan ngai a si. Biaknak dang cung ah a hmurka ai sum lo ah cun India ram chung muslim 180 million hrawng an um ve caah biaknak kar i dohnak(religion violence) a um kho i India caah cahmai thar cu cahang sen in a tial lo nak hnga a ralring ngai a ho lai. Daihnak(peace) um loin thanchonak(development) tuah khawh a si lo caah Mr.Modi nih development le peace ai ruang tein a kal pi a ho ko rua lai!



 

Kei Le Ka Min

Min hi minung kan identity langhternak caah a herh bikmi pakhat a si lai ka zumh. Min ngei lo minung kan um men lai lo. Kei ka min hi midang min nak in ai dang deuh ngai,Lungthli Tum ti cu hla deuh ah theih a si. Aho poah ka min ka chim hna ah an ka zumh colh bal lo,kawlram ah cun ka hmat-pungtin piah an hau tawn. Online i nungak he i chonh lebang cun an thin hung colh,mah bantuk min cu a um bal lo an ka ti,nan ti cio lai dah!

Ka min ruangah hin ningzahnak,harnak tete zong ka rak tong pah leng mang. Hakha sianginn ka kai lio ah ka min ruangah ka lung dongh caan a tam ngai. Bia ka ngaih deuh lo le caa ka zah lo caan ah ka min he tahchunh in tuk le sik a si tawn:na min nih Lungthli Tum,nang mah nih le......tbk>. Hermon sawng luh ka timh lio ah ka u pa(cousin) nih na min nai thleng lo cun asawng ah 'ka u' naka ti lai lo aka ti bal.Ka lung arak fak ngai,nain a mawh ve lem lo ka ti than. Sianginn class chungah ka min an au poah ah niih cio a si,kei zong ningzahpheng ah ka rak ni tawn ve. Kawl sayamah nih min an au lebang ah cun nih lo awk a tha tawn lo,Lung-tha-lii-tum tiin an chuah ter.Ka min hi atthu-san bang in i chinchiah zong a awl caah ka mui a hmu bal lomi zong nih ka min an thei ngai,chiat nak lei deuh in rak theih a si. Sianginn kai absent cio cio hmanhah keimah ka mualpho khun. Achel ah cun ka min saktu ka pa hna ka mawtchiat pah tawn.

Saya te le ka hawi le nih na sining le na min ai tlak lo an ka ta ti caan le ka min hi capo seihnak ah an hman caan ah ka lung a rak fak ngai tawn. Min thlen awk le a tha fawn lo caah ka si khawh chung in ka min chiatter ti lo ding in biachahnak ka rak ngei bal. Class chung ah mark tha ka hmuh khawh lo hmanh ah class pakhat tal tlolh ti lo ding ka zuam. Cuticun lungdongh lo tein ka zuam ve caah tangriat ka kai ah kawlca hmanh thathi in ka rak rel kho lo nain tanghra ah cun class top5 chung ah kai tel ve hlei ah tluang tein kumkhat nak ah ka rak awng kho ve.Tanghra awn hi midang chungkhar caah cun zeipipa a si lai lo nain kei ka nu le ka pa caah cun an lungthli tum ti khawh a si. Unau pariat lakah 7nak lawng nih tanghra awn cu zeidang nak in a sunglawi deuh hrim.

Tanghra ka awn khawhnak le atu ka dirhmun ka phak khawh nak dingah thazang aka pe tu lakah ka min hi abiapibik pakhat a si ve, ka min hi hriamnam tha tak a rak si kha a tu kai fiang. Ka min saktu ka pa zong ka mawtchiat ti loh,kai lawmh cang! Ka min nih khan ningzah nak raka pe hlah sehlaw class kai lo zong zei ah ka rak rel hnga lo! 

*** Atang i caw-ngia hmanthlak na click ah kei phaisa ka ngah ve, zangfah tein voikhat tal ka click piak ve hram!      

Tulio Kawlram Economy Le China Influence Zortertu Japan & India

1940 hrawng South East Asia arumbik,vawleicung facang azuarkho bik(largest exporter of rice) le vawleicung tlorthing 75% a rak zuar kho tu kawlram cu Ne Win uknak a lak hnu in kum 60 chungah vawlei cung sifak bik ram ah ai cang.Ramchungthilchuak(natural resource) a tam tuk ko nain uknak that lo ruangah rak thancho loin arak tumchuk.Nain, 2011 President Thein Sein a kai hnu in athi deng cangmi Burma economy cu thazang a van ngeih deuh than. 2013 ah GDP 7.5% tiang a kai ve cang,2014 ah 7.8% a kai lai i hmailei zong akai rih ko lai tiin zumh a si(Asian Development Bank,2014). Mirum kut le TV  longah kan rak hmuh tawn mi mobile phone hna zong ahopoah nih hman khawh a si cang. International telecom company Telenor le Ooredoo hna an lut cang.Ai thlen ning momentum athawng ngai ko.Mah thlennak ah hin kawlram chung China nawlngeihnak(influence) azor thluamah ve i India le Japan hmunhma a kau chin ve.

China in FDI(foreign direct investment) atlutmi 2008-2011 ah $12 billion tiang a rak phan nain 2012-2013 ah $407 million long a si(The Irrawaddy,Sep2013). Atum tuk! Myitsone le Letpadaung project an reject mi hrim nih China influence azor ning cu a fiang. Cu long hlah, kawlmi lungthin ah China huatnak a zual.Mah hi India nih chance ah ai lak ve,Indo-Burma pehtlaihnak thawnter ai tim ve. India company NGC Videsh, Jubiland Oil&Gas le century Ply-Star Cement group hna kawlram an lut(The Myanmar Times,Feb2014).Kaladan project hna an thawk,mah project nih hin Sittwe le Kolkata(former India Capital) a peh hlei ah Chin ram kulh in Mizoram tiang apeh lai.Chin mi kan caah athahnem khun lai dah.Kalram chung India investment a kai deuh thluahmah. Kawlram chung India hmuhma a kauh deuh hi China caah issue pakhat a si ve. Kawlram chung India investment nih tuluk atluk nai rih lo nain India ruangah hin tuluk nih kawlram chung a duhpoah in ai col(lor) ngam ti lai lo ti cu afiang.

India long hlah, Japan a um rih. Japan nih hmunhma kauh chin ai timh ve, kawlram leiba $3 billion bak ka cham duh hlah a ti ko lengah $500million loan a pek than rih(VOA,Jan2014). Cun,nai Japan foreign minister Fumio Kishida kawlram a rat ah fresh loan $234.8 million a pek than hoi(Myanmar Business News,April2014). Tlangcung hriamtlai phu le cozah nih tuahding mi national reconcilation zong a tanh pi ngai,thazang a pek ngai fawn. Fumio Kishida nih apek mi loan chung in ral ruangah harnak a tongmi Rakhine,Kachin le chaklei Shan hna zong tam ngai a bawmh hna lai. Yangon-Mandalay&Yangon city kulh tlanglawng(train) lam,loikaw siizungp hna remh an timh,nikhua that lo ruangah leiba he aciah mi leituahtu(farmer) bawmh an timh rih(Ministry Of Foreign Affair Of Japan website statement,March 14). Abawmh mi atam ngai. Mah bawmhnak nih Neypyidaw cozah siseh,kawlram mipi thinlungah rian atuan ngai te lai. China influence cu azorter deuh hrim ko lai.

Kawlram chung investment an tuahning kan zoh tikah China hi cu amiak long a bawh deuh,mipi caah thahnemnak a kawl lem lo. Nain India le Japan cu ramkhat thanchonak ah abiapi tuk mi infrastructure(mawtaw lam,tlanglawng lam,mei tbk) rem an timh hmasa. Miharsa an bawmh hmasa hna,mipi caah thatnak an tuah hmasa. Cusicaah,kawlram FDI(Foreign Direct Investment) tambik cu China in a lut rih ko lai nain Japan le India an hung langh ngai te lai i China influence cu azor duahmah ve te lai dah.

Atu Mizoram Dirhmun(Economy) Kan Chinram nih Aphan Kho Ve Lai Maw?

Vawleicung sifakbik ram Burma hmanhah sifakbik state(UNDP report, 2013) a si rihmi Chinram nih kan unau simi Mizoram dirhmun kan phak kho ve hnga maw ti hi ruah awk ngai asi.Mizoram nak in kan Chinram letkhat deng in akau deuh(Mizoram-21,081km²,Chinram-36,019km²). Mizoram population khi 1,091,014 a si( Mizoram census,2011) i a tu kan Chinram population hi 500,000 hrawng a si lai tiin ruah a si.Mizoram nak letkhat in a tlawm deuh.Kan Chinram bantuk in sui,lungvar,ziinan tibantuk thil mansung a chuak ve lo nain an thutdir(living standard) a sang ngai ko.Ceupi(Korea) achim bang Thailand,Malaysia mi zaraan nih an tluk hna lo ti khawh a si.

 State ramkulh chung thil chuak man vialte fonh kha GSDP(Gross State Domestic Product) ti a si.Mizoram Economic Survey(2012-13) a chim ningah cun mipi 60% leng nih pawcamnak caah lothloh(agriculture) an i rinh nain GSDP 60%hi service sector a si mi (1)transport&communication; (2)trade,hotel&restaurant; (3)Banking&insurance; (4)Public administration etc. in a lut. Agriculture sector(lothloh) in alut mi cu GSDP 18% long a si. Kum chiar in GSDP 10% in akai,a tthawng ngai ngai. Cozah nih riantuan ning(management) a thiam caah an ramchung in thil mansung a chuak lo nain an thangcho ngai ko. Lo tuahnak ah aherhmi me-aw-zaa(fertilizer)le adang thilri cozah nih a pek hna, lothlotu caah bawmhnak (subsidies) tampi an pek. Khuakhat le khuakhat kar lam a pem dih ngawt.Mizoram literacy rate hi 91%(caa acawngmi zatuak) a si. Ramchung infrastructure(lam,mei etc.) le human resource athat caah service sector in GSDP 60% tiang a phanh khawh hi a si.Mizoram athanchoning kan zoh tikah management thiam le human resource that aherh ning a kan hmuh ter. 

Kan Chinram nih teh Mizoram dirhmun a phan kho ve hnga maw? Management kan thiam si cun kan phan colh ko lai. Vawleicung ram thatha ah Chinmi kan um dih ngawt cang. Burmese American Community Institute nih US long hmanh ah 40,000 hrawng kan um lai a ti. 2013 chung ah high school a awng mi 300 hrawng an si, Indiana in 57%(high school a awngmi) nih college peh an ni timh a ti rih. University level akai cuahmahmi an tam ngai cang. US long hlah,adang Canada,Australia,Norwey,Denmark etc. ah Chinmi an tam tuk rih. Ramtha um Chinmi nih Chinram thanchonak tawhfung an tlaih. Dr. Lian Hmung Sakhong nih tuluk thanchonak ah ABC(America Born Chinese) an biapi tuk bang in kan Chinram than chonak zongah ABC(America Born Chin) hi an biapi tuk ve a ti bal(LBC Seminar,Yangon). Ramtha um Chinmi tam deuh cu an kir duh lai lo nain an thiamnak le rumnak cu Chinram caah a thahnem thiam lai.Bank i an phaisa chiah sawh nak cha in Chinram thanchonak caah investment an rak tuah te lai. Small&Medium Enterprise(SME) tampi an rak dirh te lai. Atuhmanh hi cozah nak in ramdang um Chinmi an rak tthawng deuh,cozah rian a si mi lam,mei,siizung etc. an rak tuahmi a tlawm ti lo. Chinram chung ah nickel,limestone hna a chuak hlei ah tourist destination pakhat ah tuah khawh a si. Vanlawng phan kho sehlaw Mount Victoria hmanh nih dollar tamtuk a chuahpi lai.

Ramtha um Chinmi nih thatnak achuahpi bang in chiatnak zong a chuahpi kho ve. Chinram um mitampi cu ramdang um chungkhar irinh in rian tuan an huam ti lo. Cawk long an ni bawh cio cang. An mah kut in zeihmanh chuah an ni timh ti lo,tisit anhnah hmanh cawk a si cang tikah thil man le rian ngei lo(unemployment rate) akai thluamah. Ramdang phaisa alut mi tamdeuh cu facang ngeitu kawl mirum kut a phan colh.Atu dirhmun in kan kal rih ko si cun thancho lei si loin kan tumchuk te lai. Mah issue hi kan Chinram thanchonak caah abiapi tuk mi challenge pakhat a si.Riantuan tu um lo in ram thancho khawh a si lo.

Cucaah,kan nih Chinram zong nih managment kan thiam si cun caan tlawmpal ah kan unau Mizoram dirhmun kan phan ve ko lai. Ramdang um mi nih Chinram um phaisa kuat hi a tha tuk mi a si ko nain thathutnak achuahpi kho ve caah phaisa kuat kan i ralring ngai a ho. Hmailei amiak achuahpi kho hnga ding thil tuahpiak,a ziin seihpiak kan ho. India bike cawk nak men men ah le facang tun cawknak men ah phaisa kuat hi kan ni ralring aherh ngai ko cang.

Vawleicung Hriamtha Bik A Ngei Tu Ram le An Budget Hmanning

Vawleicung hriamtha bik a ngeitu ram an budget hman ning kan zoh tikah ralkap le hriamnam(defense budget) biapit ning hmuh khawh a si.Ram pakhat economy le ramri(territory) runvennak ah ralkap thazang le hriamnam a biapi tuk. Economy a thawng mi ram nih defense budget an kai ter ve.Tukum US defense budget hi $612 billion a si i China,Russia,India defense budget fonh hmanh in an tluk nai rih lo. Kawlram he cun van le vawlei in ai thlau,nikum kawlram defense budget hi $2.36 billion long a si,cozah budget hi $19 billion long a si.

Laimi tampi kan umnak US cu zei ram hmanh nih an tluk hrim lo,defense budget a sangbik a si hlei ah araltuknak vanlawng(aircraft) le minung thazang(human forces) tha bik a ngei.

Acung hmanthlak hi 19 aircraft a phur kho mi raltuknak tiilawng(fleet) a si,mah hrim nih khuazeika poah in hmunhma a lak khawh,a phomh khawh hna. Mah hi US hrimatha bik pakhat a si (Global Firepower website). Vawlei khuaza kip ah hmunhma a ngei.Japan le South Korea hmanh ah ralkap 78,000 a chiah hna. Europe,Africa le Middle East zong ah tam ngai a chiah rih. Nain,2012 hnu lei China le Russia defense budget a kai cuamah lio ah US defense budget a zor deuh ngai.

Pahnihnak ah Russia hi Soviet Union a tluk kumkul hnu in ralkap thazang a thawnter than. 2008 hnu in defense budget a kai thluamah, tukum hi $76.6 billion a si i tuhnu kum thum chungah 44% bak a kai rih lai tiin zumh a si(Business Insider,2014). Tank force ah cun an tluk ve hrim lo,raltuknak tank 15,500 bak a ngei. Ukraine ram Crimea a lak lio Russia tank an tam ning kha nan hmuh cio lai dah.Minung thazang(human forces) hi 3 million leng a ngei rih.Ukraine a tuahto ning kan zoh tikah US hmanh nih a tih pah ko ti a lang. A lor ngai ko, East Ukraine i a cawlcangh rih ning zoh tikah Soviet Union thar dirh than hlah maw a timh ti awk in a um.

Vawleicung minung tambiknak ram China defense budget hi ram tampi nih an buai pi ngai.Tukum 2014 defense budget hi $126 billion a si i nikum nak 12% in a tam deuh. Hitluk defense budget a kai ter hi ramri cuhtu Philippine le Japan caah cun thin phang ngai a si.India zong a lau pah ve ko lai,1962 an i tuk hnu in tutiang an ni rem tuk lo. Nobel Peace Prize winner Dalai Lama le Tibet mi India khuasaknak nawl(refugee) a pek mi nih China thin a kheuh ngai.China hi hriamtha tuk cu a ngei lo nain minung thazang 4.5 million leng a ngei. Minung thazang(human forces) ah cun a tam bik a si.

Palinak ah kan innpa a si mi India hi hriamnam cawk thawngbik a si. Defense budget hi $46 billion long a si rih nain a kai thluamah lai tiin zumh a si. A hriamtha missile nih a huat bak mi a innpa Pakistan cu vutcam ah acan ter kho ve (Business Insider, 2014).Ramdang hriamnam cawk a thawn hi Pakistan ruangah a si bik. Tu le tu in an ni phomh. Palestine le Israel bak an si ve ko.

Panga nak ah United Kingdom hi Queen Elizabeth chan ah vawlei uk dih a rak timh nain tuhi cu a ralkap thazang a thumh lehlam cang, 2010-2018 kar ah ralkap thazang 20% bak thumh a timh. Nain,huham cu a ngei ngai rih,2020 lim ding an timh mi HMS Queen Elizabeth raltuk tiilawng(fleet) nih F-35B striker vanlawng 40 leng a phur kho te lai. Hmailei kum tampi tiang huham a ngei rih ko lai. Paruk nak ah France, 7th Germany, 8th Turkey, 9th South Korea, 10th Japan le 11th Israel hna an si (Global Firepower,2014). 

Acung lei kan hmuh hna bantuk in ram pakhat defense budget hi a biapi tuk. US cozah budget 23% cu defense ah a hman. Kawlram hi 12% a hman ve. Defense budget hi ramri(territory) runvennak ca long si lo in ram pkhat thanchonak(Economy) zong ah abiapi tuk mi 'factor' pakhat a si.

Zeiruangah Dah China Hitluk A Thancho?

China hi communist party nih uk mi a si nain vawleicung economy ngan bik pahnih nak ah a um, a nganbik mi US economy hmanh hi tukum chung ah a lonh lai tiah World Bank’s International Comparison Program(ICP) nih April 30 ah a thanh. 1978 hnu in kumchiar China GDP 7.8-14% hrawng in akai thluamah,achel ah 15%-19% tiang a phan. US khi 2%-4% hrawng a kai ve nain a tum (-) caan a tam ngai. Afawinak in China cu kumchiar 7.8%-14% tiang in a rum chin lengmang tinak a si.

China a thancho ning hi mifim thiam le economists hna nih an ruah ning leng in a rang. Kan hnu kum ah khan Centre for Economic and Business Research (CEBR) a chim chung ning ah cun 2028 hnu long in US nak in China economy a ngan deuh te lai a ti nain tukum chung hmanh ah a lonh cang ko lai. Vawleicung thil kuat kho bik(largest exporter) si nak cu 2009 ah Germany a rak chuh, 2010 ah US chang tu(vaweleicung rumbik chang tu) sinak Japan a chuh rih, 2013 ah chawleh tuah thawngbik sinak zong US a chuh hoi. Tukum dongh lai hrawng in cun vawleicung tuanbia thar a um cang lai, vawleicung ram rumbik sinak cu Asia lei a thial ruang mang lai. 1870 hlan tiang cu UK(United Kingdom) a rak rum bik nain US nih 2014(?) tiang a chan,China tuhi zei can tiang dah a nguh ve te lai.

Zeiruangah dah communist ram a si mi China hi mah tluk rang in a than cho khawh ti hi mitampi nih ruah cio a si. China central cozah nih private industry/ enterprise/ company tbk mah tein nawlngeihnak apek hna hlan(command economy) ah cun cutluk in an rak thangcho lo. An GDP a kai caan zong a um nain a tum caan zong a tam pi,vawleicung ramsifak mincazin ah arak tel ve. Nain 1978 hnu cun cozah lung a fim,central cozah power an dorh, cozah nih thil pakhat khat a man an khiah tawn mi kha a si ti loh, company,private enterprise tbk nih an khiah cang. Foreign trade le investment zalong tein tuah hram an thawk,khuapi long si loin khua te(rural area) zongah enterprise tampi tuah hram an thawk. Zalawng tein private business le SME(Small and Medium Enterprise) tuahnak nawl a pek hna. China ram economic system cu command economy system(cozah nih full nawlngeihnak) in Free Economy system lei a panh cang. Entrepreneurs le company an nawlngeihnak akarh deuh bangin China economy cu a thangcho thluamah ve.Command economy system in market economy system lei an thlen hi tuluk ram thanchonak ah abiapi bikmi factor pakhat a si.

Central power a zor hlan tuluk minung panga ah pali hi lothlawh(agriculture sector) ah rian rak tuan a si nain 1978 hnu in lo riantuan a lar ti loh, rian tha deuh(higher-value-added manufacturing)an tuan thawk cang. Lothlotu an rak tlawm deuh caah lothilchuak a man fak deuh bang in lothlotu zong an hlawh tling ve cang. Lothilchuak zong tam deuh an rak chuah khawh. Khat lein private enterprise a tam chin ve,lothlawh ahuam ti lomi nih an panh. Cuticun khuate tiangah rian a rak um caah thanchonak lam an rak panh a si. Culong hlah,company managers nih an mah duh mi thil zalong tein an rak chuah,an mah le tinhmi(goal) cio an rak chiah. Cutikah company pakhat le pakhat an rak i zuamcawh. Mah izuamcawhnak nih hin China thilchuak akai ter thluamah,tu ah cun vawlei thilchuak tambik(most productive) ram a si cang. Ramdang investment kutka an on caah ramdang in phaisa tam tak a lut,mah nih hin factory tampi a ser,ramdang he pehtlaihnak a that ter caah ramdang thiamnak kha fawi tein a cawn/a lak.Cuticun population 1.3 billion a ngei mi China ram a thancho nak a si.

China hi communist ram a si ko nain economy ah cun democracy ram ti khawh a si. Cozah nih entrepreneurs sinah nawl a ngei lem lo. Free market system an hman. Mah zalonak(Free Economy system) hi China thachonak hriamnam tha bik cu a si. Khuate(rural) lei focus in enterprise a ser mi hrim nih hin lothlotu tampi a khamh hna, sifahnak in a luater hna. Nain tuluk nih challenge tam ngai a ngei rih. Tuluk city tampi i thli thiang lomi,GDP a niam deuh thlumah mi te hna hi Beijing caah 'major concern' a si kho men.

Kawlram Chung China Hmunhma A Kauhtertu Wa State Dirhmun

United Wa Sate Army(UWSA) uknak tangah a ummi Wa state or region ah hin milu population tingriat(Chin milu nak in letkhat deng an tam deuh) hrawng an um i Chinese holh, Chinese tangka an hmang. Wa miphun hi hmunhnih ah an um, Shan state chaklei China ramri le thlanglei Thailand ramri tiin an ni then. UWSA cu kawlram chung hriamtlai phu lakah a thawngbik a si,ralkap thazang 20,000-30,000 kar a ngei. Bing(opium) cinnak in hriam thatha an cawk,ralkap thazang an thawnter. Hitluk UWSA a thawn khawh hi bing azuarnak le Tuluk bawmhnak thawng in a si.

Nikum April thla chung ah China nih raltuknak TY-90 missile a kap kho mi helicopter le tank destroyer tam ngai UWSA a pek tiah Jane’s Intelligence Review nih a thanh. Rangon China Embassy le UWSA nih cun a dik lo an ti nain tukum February chung ah khan UWSA nih ralkap 30 vanlawng mawngh cawn ding in Tuluk ah a thlah hna tiah Irrawaddy nih fiang pup in a thanh rih caah TY-90 dtungci kaptu helicopter tiang a bawmh ko ti a fiang. Dollar billions dih in sak cuahmah mi Kyaukphyu-Kunming oil pipeline project zong UWSA nih runven piak dingah Tuluk nih kawl cozah bawmh a hal rih tiin thawng a leng(Eleven Myanmar,17 March2014). UWSA hi UNFC member zongah a tel lo,nikum KIO headquarter Laiza tuah mi hriamtlai phu i tonnak zong ah a tel hoi lo.Hihi ruah awk ngai a si.Kawl ralkap a tih bak lo.China a bochan tuk caah a si kho. Hmailei ah cun Crimea nih Russia sin afonh bantuk in China lei hna a fonh ve te lai ti awk in a um. Crimea le Wa an sining hi an ni lo ngai fawn.

Zeiruang/zeiduh ah dah China nih UWSA hi tluk in a bawmh hnga ti hi kan ruat cio lai dah. Kawlram chung a hmunhma kauhter chin leng mang a duh caah a si ko.President Thein Sein a kai hnu in Naypyidaw nih nitlak lei kutka(west door) a hung awn bang in China influence a zor deuh thluahmah. Hihi China nih threat pakhat ah a ruah ve. Kawlram chung duh tawk in a luh peng khawhnak hnga le sipuazi a tuah khawh rih dingah cun ramri kutka a conghtu UWSA lung a ton hmasa a ho hrim ko. Cuhleiah,Wa mi cu Chinese holh,chinese cellphone, chinese tangka,chinese mei an hmang caah ka minung a ti hna ca zongah a dawt deuh hna a si kho.Tachunhnak ah kawl ralkap nih UWSA an cii hmih hna seh, Tuluk he pehtlaihnak phih ko hna sehlaw Tuluk asungh tuk lai cu mu,myitsone project an reject mi hmanh ah khan tamtuk asungh cang lai.Nain,Tuluk cu a fimtuk caah cawithlai (balance) a thiam. UWSA hi Naypyidaw a theih lo ding tein a bawmh. Naypyidaw cozah zong tha tein a chonh ve.Kawlram peace process zongah thazang a pe ngai mi aa lawh ter.Nikum zong ah khan Tuluk ram Shweli khua ah KIO he kahdaihnak ser khawh ding ah a tawlrel pi hna.

UWSA hi China nih a bawmh tuk hna caah hriam tha tha le ralkap thazang tamtuk an ngei. Kawl ralkap nih a naih ngam hna loh caah an duh zat in bing an cing. An ram ah facang,fangvoi tibantuk a tha kho lo,bing cinnak longah a tha ti a si. An hmuh mi bing cu ram chung ram leng an zuar,achuak mi phaisa in hiramnam an cawk/ralkap thazang an thawnter chin. Cuticun UWSA cu cozah hmanh nih tih ngai awk in a um cang. 
 

Wa state hi kawlram territory runvennak caah a biapi tuk bang in kawlram chung Tuluk a luhnak kutka zong a si ve.Russia nih Crimea a lak bantuk in Tuluk nih cun Wa region lak a timh lem lai lo nain kawlram chung hmunhma khur a duh chung poah cu a bawmh rih ko lai dah. Tuluk nih adirhkamh chung poah cu UWSA a sipuazi a zor lem lai lo,a tha rih ko/a hnangam ngai rih lai i ralkap zong nih naih ngam dawh an si rih lai lo dah.!.