Ukraine Buainak Aruang:Russian nih Crimea A Lak Hi A Mawh Maw?

Ukraine buainak kong kan rel le kan theih tik poah ah Russia hi a ho poah nih mawtchiat cio a si. Russia nih Ukraine buainak a chuah pi hlei ah Ukraine ram Crimea zong a fir chih tiin kan ni fiang cio men lai,kan mawh lo.Aruang cu kan rel mi media pawl hi Russia a rem lo mi ram nih an tlaih mi lawng te a si caah Russia chiatnak lei deuh in an tial tawn. Thil sining tak tak hi an langhter bal tawn lo.

Ukraine Buainak Ai Thawknak: Ukraine buainak hi 21 November, 2013 ah Ukraine President  Viktor Yanukovych nih Ukraine ram European Union he i pehtlainak ser ding an rak timh mi a hnon hnu in ai thawk mi a si. Hiti EU he pehtlainak ser ding a rak hnon hi Ukraine ram nitlak lei(EU ram he a naihnak) nih an duh lo, Russia nak in EU he pehtlai deuh an duh. Nain, Russia he a naih mi Ukraine nichuah lei nih cun President  Viktor Yanukovych a biachah hi an dirpi ngai ko. Russia he pehtlai deuh an duh ve. 

Mah EU he pehtlai an timh mi President nih a rak hrawh hnu in nitlak lei Ukraine mi nih an duhlonak an rak langhter i President a rian chiah ding tiang an rak hal, buainak a fak tuk cang caah Feb 22, 2014 ah Ukraine Parliament MPs pawl nih vote an rak lak, President a rian in i din seh tiah MPs 73% nih bia an rak chah i cu ti cun a duh lo buin President Viktor Yanukovych a rian an rak phuah. 

Hiti a rian an phuah hnu in President cu Russia ah a zam. President  Viktor Yanukovych a rian an phuah hi president dirpitu nichuah lei Ukraine mi an lung a rak fak tuk ve caah President rian an phuah ni 5 hnu Feb 27,2014 ah Ukraine nichuah lei hriamtlai phu nih Crimea parliament an lak colh ve. Russia nih a rak bawmh colh ve hna i 18 March ah Crimea cu Russia ah a lut beh. 

Mr. Putin A Mawh Maw?: Ukraine hi Russia hruaimi Soviet Union ah 1991 tiang a rak um mi a si. 1991 Soviet Union a kuai hnu zongah Russia he a tangti leng mang mi a si. President Viktor Yanukovych zong hi Russia a lei a tang ngai mi a si ve.Hiti Russia tanhpi tu a rian an thlak hnu ah Ukraine hruaitu nih Russia kal tak in EU he pehtlainak fek deuh in tuah an duh rih,Russia a inn pa a si mi Ukraine EU nih a rak dolh ding hi cu Russia nih a duh phung a si ve lo.

Crimea le nichuahlei Ukraine hi Russia mi lawng te an si hna. Russia nih Crimea a lak hlan ah khan mipi ruahnak an lak hmasa. An lak ning a dik le dik lo cu chim khawh a si lo nain 97% bak nih Russia he i fonh kan duh an rak ti. Democracy ram ah cun mipi duh nak zul ding a si ve ko caah Russia nih Crimea a lak hi democracy phung a si ve ko hnga. 

Cucaah,Ukraine buainak hi Mr. Putin ruangah a si lem lo. Ukraine nitlak lei nih nichuah lei an duhnak an theithiam ve lo,an mah duhnak lawng in Ukraine ram kal pi an duh caah tutiang Ukraine a buainak le ai cheu beh nak hi a si ti khawh ngai a si. Mr. Putin cu a minung nih rak kan la ko,rak kan bawm ko tiin an au hnawh ah cun a bawmh hna ding le a lak hna ding cu a rian a si ve ko hnga lo maw tiah!



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2008 Constitution An Remh Khawh Lo Zongah Aung San Suu Kyi Thim Nak Ai Cuh Ko Lai

National League for Democracy hruaitu Aung San Suu Kyi cu kawlram president si khawh nak a khamh tu 2008 constitution an remh khawh lo zongah tukum dongh lai tuah ding mi thim nak ah ai cuh ko lai tiah NLD party executive secretary Nyan Win nih Reuters ah a chim.

Aung San Suu Kyi ai tel ah cun a ralaimi cozah thar term zongah 2008 constitution remh a awl deuh lai caah a mah president si nak a khamh tu zong fawi deuh in remh khawh a si lai tiin Nyan Win nih a chim. 

Tukum November thla tuah ding thimnak hlan ah 2008 phunghram an remh khawh lo sual ah cun Suu Kyi cu president a si kho ding a si lo caah tuhi NLD chung in president thim ding an zoh cuah mah lio a si. Nikum i NLD nih Thura Swe Mann kawlram president si ding an duh an rak ti mi kha a dik lo mi a si, NLD nih ralkap minung a duh bal lo tiin a chim chap. 

A tu Nyan Win biachim zoh tikah NLD zong 2008 constitution remh ding an bei sei tuk ti lo timi hmuh khawh pah a si. Election tuah nak dingah thla 9 fai lawng ai duh cang. Tlawmpal ah cun presidential candidate zong an thim a hau ve cang. A ho dah an thim te hnga? 


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Zeiruangah Dah US Zong Nih Ne Win A Rak Uar Ngai Ve Hnga?

A tanglei video hi US President Johnson nih Dictator Ne Win a rak cohlan lio a si. Ne Win nih March 2, 1962 ah uk nak a lak. Atu US a tlawn hi September, 1966 ah a si. Gen. Ne Win hi uknak a lak ka ah cun US pi zong nih a rak upat tuk ve ko ti hmuh khawh ngai a si.(Ne Win a dirpi tuk nan ka ti sual lai ka phang pah hehe).

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Vanthatnak Nih A Dawi Mi Prime Minister U Nu

U Nu hi mi van tha tak tak a si,a tuahser mi a um lem lo nain vanthatnak nih a tlak hnawh lengmang. A nih hi Gen. Aung San hruainak in British an rak thawl hna ah siseh, Japan an thawl than hna ah siseh voikhat hmanh meithal a rak puah bal lo mi a si. Nain, Independence hnu kawlram cu a mah lawng nih a mawngh than ko. 

Thimnak Ai Cuh Lo Buin An Rak Thim Bal: Kawlram Independence ngah ding ai fian hnu ah phunghram constitution tial tu ding Constituent Assembly member caah Burma Proper chung April, 1947 ah thim nak an rak tuah i U Nu cu ai cuh bak lo, 'Burma Under The Japanese' timi cauk a rak tial ti a si. Nain,ruah lo piin Murgui (Makuai ?) lei nih an thim mi Maung Maung Khin a rak thi caah a mah hmun a rak lawng than. Cuka hmun ah cun zuamcawhtu um loin U Nu rak pek than a si(Sein Win. The Split Story. P-8).

Aung San Thih Hi U Nu Rian Kai Nak A Si Hoi: July 19, 1947 ah ruah lo piin kawlram chung party thawng bik AFPFL president zong a si i Independence hnu ah kawlram hruaitu a si hnga ding Gen. Aung San cu an rak thah diam. Aung San a thih hnu ah cun U Nu tluk in bochan tlak upa lung fim an rak um lo caah U Nu cu automatic in AFPFL president a hung si colh. January 4,1948 ah Independence kan ngah hnu in Prime Minister tiang a rak tlai beh i Ne Win uknak a lak tiang kawlram prime minister a rak tuan beh. 

U Nu hi politics lei a duh lo buin an rak luhter mi a si. A nih hi politics nak in catial a huam deuh mi a rak si ti a si. Kawlram prime minister a tuan chungah hin a mah pum pak le a chungkhar caah thil a rak tuah mi pakhat hmanh a um lo,ai hruk mi a thil dah ti lo cun thil man sung a ngei mi zong pakhat hmanh a um lo ti a si. Eihmuarnak a tuah bak lo mi a si caah 1958 AFPFL an ni then zongah eihmuarnak in kan thiang timi langhter nak caah an party min zong 'Clean AFPFL' tiin rak pek a si.

Nain, Aung San nih Fedearl hram bunh in a tial cia mi 1947 phunghram cu U Chan Htoon a remh ter than i 'Federal system' kha 'unitary system' ah a thlen ter. Pu Zahre Lian kha Chin Minister ah Chin MPs nih an rak thim nain 'a no tuk rih' a ti i amah nawl in Sein Thang a rak thim diam. Culawng hlah, 1961 ah kawlram cu Buddhist ram ah a rak ser rih. 

Hiti bawi thutdan ah a hung thut hnu in thil dawh cah lo tete a rak tuah len caah rampi him lo in a rak tuah i Ne Win nih uknak a rak lak beh i a mah U Nu zong thawng a thlak chih nak kha a si. Vanthatnak nih a dawi len nain a donghnak ah vanchiatnak nih Ne Win hmang in a tlak than kan ti lai cu!.  


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Kawlram Chung Party Thawng Bik AFPFL An Rak I Then Lio Kawlram Boruak

Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League(AFPFL) or Pha-sah-pah-lah hi Gen. Aung San telh in kawlram chung bochan deuh hruaitu hna nih Japan pawl thawl dingah 1944 ah an rak dirh. AFPFL hi kawlram chung tihzah deuh mi hruaitu nih an dirh mi a si caah Independence hlan 1945 in Party an ni then 1958 tiang hi kawlram chung a lar bikmi party a rak si. An mah peng nih cozah an rak ser. Tulio NLD nak in rak lar deuh dawh a si.

AFPFL An I Thennak Aruang: 1947 ah AFPFL chairman Aung San an rak thah caah U Nu cu an party chairman ah an thim than. Independence hnu in U Nu nih AFPFL chairman a tuan hlei ah Prime Minister zong a tuan chih. 1956-1957 kar kum khat lawng U Ba Swe Prime Minister a rak tuan ter.Ba Swe le Kyaw Nyein hi U Nu nih ai bochan bik mi an rak si, an mah nawl loin U Nu nih zeithil hmanh a rak tuah ngam lo an ti theu. Hiti Ba Swe le Kyaw Nyein nih Prime Minister U Nu cung nawl an ngei hi mizapi nih theih a si tikah U Nu a ai puang. Ba Swe le Kyaw Nyein telh loin a thil ti khawhnak langhter ai zuam, Ba Swe le Kyaw Nyein a hrial hna i Kyaw Nyein le Ba Swe an thin hung ve. 

U Nu le Kyaw Nyein kar i rem lo nak hi 1954 hrawng in ai thawk i U Nu kawlram Prime Minister sinak in thla 9 chung ai din kar(1956-1957) ah a rak zual chin. Hiti ai din kar ah AFPFL party hruaitu lutlai pawl meeting an rak tuah i U Nu hi prime minister si ti loin China ram CPC Chairman Mao Zedong bantuk in national figure ah chiah ding ah hnatlaknak an ngei. Hiti an biachah hi Thakin Tin nih Kyaw Nyien a rem lo ruangah U Nu cu 'Kyaw Nyien le Ba Swe nih prime minister na si ding an duh ti lo caah party chairman lawng tuan ter ding biachahnak an ngei cang' tiin U Nu a hlen i U Nu cu a thin phang i kumkhat chung prime minister sinak in i din ai timh mi cu kumkhat a tlin hlan ah Prime minister si nak Ba Swe a chuh than. Cu hnu cun U Nu le Thakin Tin an tangti i Kyaw Nyein le Ba Swe an tangti ve. Cuti cun, AFPFL hruaitu kar i rem lo nak a karh chin leng mang caah a donghnak ah cun i then ding tiang bia chah a si.

Nu-Tin Clean AFPFL Vs Swe-Nyein Stable AFPFL: AFPFL i cheu ding bia an chah hnu ah cozah ser an rak i cuh than. MPs tam deuh aa sawm kho mi nih cozah ser ding a rak si cang. MP pakhat te hmanh an rak biapi tuk. Ramchung um le ramdang khual tlawng MPs vialte an rak auh dih hna. Kap hnih lei nih party dang le tlangcung MPs hna cu 'Kan mah lei vote nan kan pek ah cun hihi kan in tuah piak lai' tiin bia an rak kamh hna. Mon le Rakhine MPs nih cun U Nu kha 'vote kan in pek lai i Statehood na kan pek ve lai' an ti i U Nu nih 'Yes' a ti ve. Kan mah Chin MPs pawl cu 'Rangon khuachung vanlawng in kan kulh pi uh' an ti hna tiin bia chawkvai ka rak theih bal,a hman hnga maw dik.

 Cuticun MPs pawl an rak i cuh hna i June 9, 1958 kawlram parliament ah vote thlak nak an rak tuah.U Nu hruaimi Clean AFPFL nih vote 8 in a rak tei. 

                                                                       Nu-Tin           Swe-Nyein
AFPFL members(Burma proper)           51                    97
National United Front(NUF)                  44                    1
ANUO(Arakanese)                                    6                      0
Shans                                                           16                     9
Kachins                                                       3                       4
Chins                                                           3                       3
Kayah                                                          2                       0
Karens                                                         2                       5
                                                                    --------             -------
                                                                     127                   119


U Nu nih vote 8 in a rak tei caah cozah a ser than. Nain, thil ti kho deuh le tihzah deuh mi hi AFPFL member deuh an si i AFPFL MPs tam deuh hi Swe-Nyein sin ah an um cang caah U Nu cu a duh poah in ai cawl kho ti lo. Kap hnih kar i rem lo nak a fak chin chin. 1958-1959 caah budget zong Swe-Nyein phu nih an fehter duh ti lo caah U Nu nih Gen. Ne Win kum hnih chung (1958-1960) uknak a rak lak ter beh nak kha a si. 


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CND Kong The Hakha Post Chief Editor Tial Mi Rel A Nuam Lo Ngai

The Hakha Post Chief Editor a si mi Lalawmpuia(Papui) nih CND kong 

'Tuksuum le paamhmai in, Chin Miphun Ni 

Kan Miphun Ni maw Federal kan sungh ni dah?' timi tlangtar in hiti hin a tial. 

"Pathian nih miphun tling pakhat in a rak kan ser thawk in mah tein aa ukmi kan rak si, Ram-uk phung in. Asinain Ramhraang Mirang nih a kan tuk, a kan uk i, mah tein kan rak i uknak "Ram-uk" phung cu 1948 ah a kan hrawhpiak i cu ni cu nihin ah "Chin Miphun Ni" ah chuah a si. Chin miphun kan Ni ah a chuah khawh cu i lawmh awk ngai a si ko nain, mah tein a rak i ukmi (Federal) kan sinak a tlauchihmi bel hi cu kan miphun nih kan sunghmi lakah a paamhmaibik miphun ro pakhat a si. Zeicatiah micheu nih "kanmah tein kan rak i thimmi..." a si kan ti ko hmanh ah, a sining set ruah ahcun, Mirang pa kut in, nihin tiang a kan pengtu Aanpei pa kut tang ah kan luh ni philhlonak hmanh a lo deuh. Phundang in kan chim ahcun, Pathian nih a kan pekmi "Mah te uknak, Federal" kan sungh ni a si kan ti khawh." 

Hi capar ka rel ah kai nuam lo tuk, The Hakha Post cu Hakha,Thantlang lawng si loin khuate kip zong nih rel mi le zumh mi a si caah mi thawng tampi 'a dik lomi tuanbia' kan chimh cang hna ti khawh ngai a si. Feb 20,1948 Falam Conference an tuah ah hin mirang kuttang ah kan rak um ti hrim hrim lo, Independence kan rak lak diam cang hlei ah kan mah Chin Affairs Council cozah kan rak ngei cang. 1948 Falam conference hi kan mah Chin miphun nih ram-uk phung nak in democracy phung a tha deuh tiin kan mah duh kan rak i thim ni tu a si. 1948 hlan ah Chin ram nih Federal system hrim kan rak hmang bal lo, Feudal system timi ram-uk phung tu kan rak hmang. Feudal system cu a tu lio a lar bikmi democracy system he ai kalh(opposite) bak mi a si.Atanglei link ah CND kong tling deuh in rel khawh a si lai. February 20 Hi Chin National Day Caah Ai Tlak Maw?

Mah capar hi thaizing Feb 17 chuak ding The Hakha Post Vol.3, No.66 ah a lang te lai, facebook page ah cun an tar cang. A capar dihlak langhter awk a that lo caah paragraph pakhat lawng ka rak langhter. Tling deuh in rel a duhmi nih hika The Hakha Post  facebook page ah rel khawh a si lai. 

CND Hman Ning Ni Caan Kongah Chin Mino Ruahnak Ai Kalh Ngai Cio

A bik in ramthumnak um Chinmi nih Chin National Day cu Feb 20 theng si loin a relrem deuh mi ni caan ah tuah a si theu. Hiti Feb 20 si loin a dang ni ah CND kan hman tawn hi micheu nih an doh ngai ve caah tukar facebook ah ceih ngai mi issue pakhat a hung si. 

Hi kong he pehtlaih in Laimi catial thiam Pu Perhkalh nih 'Kumkhat, Norway Laimi nih nan nawl an kan cawnpi ve ciammam i zarhte ni a ni lo pi ah an kan tuahpi bal. Laica zuamnak an tuah i, ""Chin miphun ni cu.............. a si"" tiah campipuai an phitter hna cu kan fa le nih, ""Chin Miphun Ni Cu February ni 18 a si''' an ti daih ko' tiin amah ruahnak a phuan ve.

Laimi nih kan bochan ngai mi Salai Lairamthang zong nih US um Chinmi nih Feb 20 theng te ah CND tuah ding a har ning hi ti hin a tial ve. "Pakhat te lawng ka chim rih lai. Ka chim ahcun a tam tuk lai caah. Laimi cu kan rianttuannak company, kan rianttuannak hmun hma 100 ah 80% hrawng cu a khat dihmi kan si. Company pakhat ah Laimi lawngte minung 100 an ttuan tik ah minung 100 ning in CND ni ah rianttuan loin an um ahcun, mah company cu khar hau ding phun in an um. Cucaah kan thinlung nih cun a duh nain kan duhnak kha kan sining nih a zul kho tawn lo. Idea cu a ttha rilmal nain tuah taktak a fawi lo.." a ti ve. 

Hakha lei in The Chinland Post editor June Nilian Sang nih hi ti hin a ruahnak a langhter ve"Atu ahcun Chinram zong ah sianginn kai liomi dah tilo mino tam u cu rian an ngah dihngawt. Zungkhar le dinhhal pek cu a um hlei lo. Sianghleirun kan kai lio ah CND cu (class test or tutorial) tlolh hmanh in kan rak tawlrel. Ngaihthiam a um lo. Naite ah thawng kan theih tthanmi cu “Matupi ah February 20 ah ngakchia campipuai an phi lai” ti a si rih. Cozah ziatthinh cu hngah awk ah ka ruat lo".

Tulio Thailand ah MA a kai lio mi Sang Hnin Lian zong nih Feb 20 ah CND kan tuah kho lo mi cu fak ngai in a duhlonak a langhter ve. A mah nih"Kawlram Cozah nih, Chin National Day hi, Feb. 20 ah nan tuah kho lo,Feb. 18 silole Feb. 22 ah nan tuah lai tiah, rak kan ti tuah hna sehlaw, a zeibang-zeibang in, atu i, tuan deuh tuahmi le tlaideuh tuah tawnmi pawl nih hin, Fawi ngai khin, Ramdang in, "Sandahpiah" a hau, "Signature Campaign" tuah a hau, tiah, Sayakyi khi nan rak tuan hoi lai cu mu! Nan kong ka ruah ah hin a celh in ka celh lo, Kawl cozah kong ka ruah lio i, ka thin a ka phawh bantukte in ka phawh ve! Duhnak taktak nan ngeih ahcun, A chuakmi zat kha chuak kho hna seh! Lungput a bia pi!" a ti ve.

U Nu Nih Kawlram Buddhist Ram Ah A Rak Ser Nak Le Ramchung Ralthawhnak

Biadonhnak: Ne Win nih kumhnih chung kawlram a rak hruaihnu in Jan 9,1960 ah rampi election rak tuah than a si. 1960 kawlram election hi kawlram election lak ah a dik bikmi(fairest) a si. 1956 nak in vote thla tu a let in an rak tam deuh. Hi election hi kawlram ah a rak thawng bikmi party (tulio NLD bantuk) AFPFL an ni then hnu voikhatnak a si i U Nu hruaimi Clean AFPFL or Union Party le Kyaw Nyien hruaimi Stable AFPFL hi biatak tein an rak i phomh. Election campaign an tuah lio ah U Nu nih kawlmi vote ngah duh ruangah 'Vote nan ka pek ah cun Buddhist hi kawlram State Religion ah ka ser lai' tiin bia a rak kamh hna(Martin Smith. Burma:Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity.P-187). 

'State Religion' Buddhism An Sernak Aruang:1960 election ah cun U Nu hruaimi Clean AFPFL nih 57% bak an rak ngah i adang party bawmh hal ho loin cozah an rak ser than. Election campaign lio a biakam bantuk in Buddhism kawlram 'State Religion' ah ser ding biatung cu parliament ah a chuah pi i August 26,1961 ah tlangcung mi an tah buin hlutdaw pahnih nih fehter a si(Hini ah buainak a chuak sual lai tiin ralkap le palik tampi nih parliament a kulh hlei ah rangon khuachung zongah hmuhma an lak cia dih ti a si,nain buainak a rak um hrawl lo).Buddhism kawlram State Religion ah ser a rak duh nak aruang pathum U Nu nih a chim: a mah pumpak hrim nih hi phunglam ser a rak duh tuk 'overpowering disire', kawlram milu tam bik nih an duhpi mi a si fawn,hiti tuah lo ah cun buainak a chuak sual lai ti a phan ruang ah a si(Richard Butwell. U Nu of Burma.P-225). 

U Nu hi Buddhist zumhnak ah ai pe tuk mi a si. Next Buddha ka si te lai tiin a rak chim theu. Stable AFPFL hruaitu Kyaw Nyien le Ba Swe he an rak i ral hlan ah 'Kei Buddha ka si tikah ka kehlei le ka orhlei zultu hi nan mah pahnih nan si lai' tiin U Nu nih a rak chim bal ti a si(U Nu of Burma.P-157). May-June,1961 zongah ni 45 chung bak buddhist retreat a rak la ti a si(N. Trager. Burma:From the Kingdom to Republic.P-198). 1968 hrawngah Kyaw Nyien phu nih 'mi hur pa' tiin an rak soisel ko nain U Nu hi 1948 ah sex tuah ti lo ding in bia ai kam cang mi a si,cu ni thawk cun a nupi he inn dang in an um cang. 1949 Karen hriamtlai pawl nih cozah an rak thlak deng lio i Ne Win hruaimi Burma riffles le Chin ralkap hna nih U Nu cozah an rak khamh zong kha U Nu nih 'Buddha sin ka thlacam nak thawng in a si' a ti ve. 

Zeitindah Kan Rak Let Cio:1961 ah Buddhism kawlram 'State Religion' ah an rak ser hnu in kawlram a rak kuai dih hnik. Kachin khrifa phu nih Kachin Independence Army an dirh colh,Karen hriamtlai phun an thawng chin chin. Pu Hrang Nawl hruaimi Chin hriamtlai phu zong kha hi 'State Religion' ruang bik ah hriam an rak lak ti a si,Ne Win uknak a lak hnu 1964 ah an rak lang nain(Lian H. Sakhong.The Dynamics of Sixty Years of Ethnic Conflict In Burma.P-6). Shan mi zong Buddhist an tam deuh ko nain an rak cohlang kho ve lo, hriam a tlaimi an rak thawng chin ve,1959 ah Shan hriamtlai minung 800 hrawng lawng an rak um nain 1961 dongh lei ah cun 3,000 tiang an rak karh(U Nu of Burma.P-227). Khat lei ah kawlram first president a si mi Sao Shwe Thaike hruainak in tlangcungmi vialte Taunggyi ah conference an tuah i 1947 constitution federal phung tein remh ding an rak au ve(Kan mah Chin Minister Pu Zahre Lian le adang pahnih bel nih min an thut duh lo). 

Federal or Independence:Karen hriamtlai phu KNDO/KTA/KNU ,Kachin hriamtlaiphu KIA, Shan hriamtlai phu Noom Suk Harn/SSIA/SNUF tibantuk vialte hi 'federal' caah ral an rak tho lo, 'Independence' ca hrim ah ral a rak tho mi an si hna. Khatlei raltuk a duhlomi nih cozah he cabuai cung i chonh ding in an rak i zuam ve. Tlangcungmi hriamtlai phu lawng si lo, China communist nih a bawmh mi Communist Party of Burma(CPB) zong hi Karen tluk in an rak thawng ve,cozah thlak khawhnak lam a kawl mi an si. Culio ah China communist a rem lomi Yunnan Muslim ralkap KMT(Kuomintang National Revolution Army) 4,200 nih Shan ram chaklei an rak lak hoi,an nih hi US CIA le Thai Amry nih a bawmh mi an si hna. U Nu zong nih hi KMT hriamtlai pawl thawl piak ding in UN ah a rak hal ti a si(Martin Smith.P-189). 

Kawlmi Kar Buainak: June, 1958 AFPFL an rak i then ah cozah ser an rak i cuh, U Nu hruaimi Clean AFPFL nih Mon MP le Arakan MP pawl kha 'kei mah lei nan tangah cun Autonomous State kan pek hna lai' tiin bia a rak kamh hna. 1960 ah U Nu Prime Minister thutnak a lak than tikah a biakamnak tlinter dingah an rak hal ve cang. Kawl mi nih sandah piah an rak thawng tuk lawmmam hoi, Shan ram ah hmunhma a la mi China communist dohtu Muslim hriamtlai phu KMT cu US nih a bawmh ti an theih caah Rangon um US embassy hmaiah US sin duhlonak an langhter i palik nih an then hna ah minung pa 3 nunnak a rak liam(Ibid.). Rangon Okkalapa ah muslim biakinn sak ding cozah nawlpeknak an duh lo caah kawl phungki le kawlmi nih Sep 14,1961 ah sandah an rak piah hoi i minung 5 an rak thi,phungki 92 telh in 279 an rak tlaih hna. Hi an tlaihmi hna thlah than ding in phungki 1,500 leng nih duhlonak an rak langhter hoi i U Nu zong a rian chiah ding tiang an rak fial rih ti a si(U Nu of Burma.P-267). 

Kawlram Sipuazi A Tla Rih: 1961 ah thlichia a rak tho i minung 200,000 leng umnak ngeih loin a rak chiah hna hlei ah facang cinnak lei acre 300,000 leng a rak hrawh rih ti a si. Hiti buainak a tam tuk ruangah U Nu cozah cu rampi thanchonak sipuazi lei thazang a pek kho deuh ti lo,thil man a rak kai tuk hoi. Cutikah,1961 kum dongh lei ah cun 'Hriamtlai phu nih kawlram 10%' an lak cang tiin U Nu nih a chim ti a si(The Nation.Oct6,1961.U Nu of Burma ah lak than mi). Hlutdaw zongah U Nu nih 'kawlram nih 16,000 lenng harnak(problems) a ngei,hi vialte phisin dingah kum 20 cu a rau lai' ti tiang in a rak chim. Hiti ramchung a him ti lo hlei ah kum hnih chung a hruaimi 'Caretaker cozah' nih rampi him tein a rak hruai khawh ruangah i ngamh ngai in Ne Win nih March 2,1962 ah uknak a rak lak kha a si, Ne Win uknak a lak hnu in 'State Religion' zong a rak thah than i tutiang hi kawlram nih 'State Religion' kan ngei ti lo. Biadangah,South Korea zong kha May 16, 1961 ah Park Chung-hee nih uknak a rak la ve,Korea bel cu a rak thangcho lei nain kawlram cu a rak tumchuk ai.  

Biadonghnak:Kawlram chung kum 60 leng ral kan thawh ning zoh tikah 1947 constitution le U Nu biaknak policy ruang deuh ah a si ti cu hmuh khawh ngai a si. Aung San nih Union of Burma cu 'secular state' ah rak ser a timh i 'unity in diversity' timi policy a rak hman nain ruah lo piin an rak thah caah U Nu nih a mah pumpak duh nak men hoih in Aung San biatiam vialte a rak hrawh dih. Aung San tialcia mi Federal hrambunh 1947  constitution  zong a mah duhning in U Chan Htoon a rak tial ter than. 1961 ah Union of Burma cu buddhist ram ah a rak ser rih. Hi hna ruangah tlangcung mi hriam kan rak banh kha a si.  



  

US Le Israel Pehtlaihnak A Rawk Chin Leng Mang: Israel Caah Tih A Nung

House speaker John Boehner sawmnak in Israel Prime Minister Natanyahu cu a ralaimi Marh 3, US Congress ah biachim ding a si. Nain, President Obama le Vice-president Joe Biden nih kan tong lai lo an ti, Democrats tampi zong nih a biachim kan ngai lai lo an ti ve. White House nih cun March 17 ah tuah dingmi Israel election a naih  cang caah cozah lutlai ton phung a si lo,cucaah Obama zong nih Prime Minister Natanyahu a ton duh lo nak a si tiin an ni pheh. 

Obama nih Israel Prime Minister a ton duh lo hi Iran nuclear kongah Natanyahu he an ruahnak ai kalh caah a si. Obama le Democrats pawl nih a nemnak(diplomacy and compromise) in Iran nuclear hriam chiahter an duh,nain Natanyahu le Republican pawl nih hrang deuh(confrontation) in chiahter an duh ve,Israel nih cun Iran nuclear a sernak hmunhma tiang kah a duh. Republican nih a tu nak fak deuh in Iran sipuazi phih(sanction) piak a duh nain Democrats nih an duh lo, hiti sanction kan chiah rih ah cun Nuclear kong i chonhnak a rawk lai an ti. Republican nih Iran cung hibantuk sanction chiah chap an timh ah cun Obama nih Veto in ka hnon lai a ti leng mang. 

Iran nuclear hriam chiahter ding ah ni an khiah mi(deadline) cu November,2014 kha a rak si nain hnatlaknak an ngah kho lo caah June 30,2015 ah an thial than. Tuzong hi US hruainak in UK,France,China,Russia le Germany hna nih an chonh cuahmah rih,Iran lei nih 'kan ram caah a thahnem huaha lomi hnatlaknak ngahnak cha cun hnatlaknak pakhat hmanh ngah lo a tha deuh' an ti len ve. Iran foreign minister Zarif nih 'Nitlak lei ram nih Iran cung sanction an chiah ka ah nuclear ser khawhnak centrifuge 200 long kan rak ngei nain tuhi cu 20,000 leng kan ngei cang' a ti. Iran nih nuclear a sermi hi hriamnam caah a si lo, mei le sii-ai hneksaknak caah hman kan ni timh an ti ve. Cucaah,nitlak lei ram nih sanction nan chiah mi nan lak than awk a si an ti ve hna.

Uranium thazang hi nuclear hriam sernak ah a biapi ngai mi a si. Hi Uranium thazang hi mei(electricity) ca zongah hman khawh a si i nuclear hriamnam ca zongah fawi tein thlen khawh a si ve. Hiti fawi tein thlen khawh a si mi hi Israel nih a tih bik mi cu a si. Iran nih nuclear hriam an ser khawh ah cun Israel ram cu minute pakhat ah a hrawh khawh mi dirhmun a si. An Iron Doom zong nih a tlai kho ding phun a si lai lo. Iran nih nuclear hriamnam a chiah hlan lo hi cu Israel thinphang a dai men lai lo!  

References:BBC,CNN,Washington Post,The Times of Israel,The Guardian,The New York Times






    

Ne Win Uknak A Laknak Aruang:Kan Thei Lem Lomi Thil Dik

Ne Win timi min kan theih poah ah mitha lo tak tak ah kan ruat colh leng mang, vawleicung sifak bik dirhmun ah kawlram a phak tertu,mah zawn long ai ruatmi,amah pumpak long in kawlram uk a duh caah nawl ngeihnak a lak tbk in theih a si. Nain, kawlram caah thatnak a rak tuah bal mi bel cu kan theih bal lo,a um lo tluk in kan ruat cio men lai. Hihi a dik lem lo, Ne Win kuttangah kawlram a rak rawk tuk nain a rak thancho bik caan zong a um ve. Neutral mit in kan zoh hmanh lai!

Ne Win nih uknak a lak hi voikhat lawng a si lo, voihnih a si. 1962 uknak a lak hi cu amah lungduh a si men lai nain 1958 ah cun cozah hnatlaknak in Prime Minister U Nu nih a duh lo buin a rak pek i 1958-1960 tiang kawlram Prime Minister a rak tuan piak hna.Feb 6, 1960 ah election zong tlamtling tein a rak tuahpiak hna hlei ah nawl ngeihnak zong tluang tein a rak chanh hna. Culawng hlah, Ne Win hi British thawl dingah a rak cawlcangh ngai mi a si. Dobama Asiayone zongah a rak i tel i Aung San hruainak in Japan ram ralkap training a rak kai mi Thirty Comrades zongah a rak tel ve mi a si. Independence kan lak hnu kumkhat dan 1949 ah Karen hriamtlai KNDO nih kawlram an lak dih deng lio, U Nu cozah nih Rangon lawng a rak uk lio i cozah ralkap lutlai(Army Chief of Staff) cu Ne Win hi a rak si. A mah Ne Win nih a kuttang ummi Chin ralkap le Burma ralkap pawl a rak hruai hna caah Insein ral zong an rak tei khawh i U Nu cozah an rak khamh khawh kha a si.Ne Win hi politics khel a duhmi a si lem lo, Aung San telh in Thirty Comrades chungtel tam deuh cu Independence kan ngah ding ai fian hnu ah ralkap kal tak in politics an khel dih. Brig. Kyaw Zaw, Gen. Ne Win le Maj. Bo Bala lawng hi ralkap ah a tangmi an si(Bertil Lintner(Irrawaddy). Whose Army. March 31,2014). 

Voikhatnak Uknak A Laknak Aruang: A voikhatnak Ne Win nih uknak a lak hi U Nu cozah nih kawlram a hruai kho ti lo ruangah a si. AFPFL nih kumriat chungah kawlram 'Pyidawtha' ah kan ser lai i family pakhat nih inn pakhat,mawtaw pakhat,radio pakhat le thlakhat income Kyat 800 cio nan ngah lai tiin mipi ruahchannak an pek mi cu a tak a si kho ti lo i 1955 ah Pyidawtha or Eight-Year plan zong an rak hnon(Dr. Maung Maung. Burma and Gen. Ne Win.P-238).1956 election zongah U Nu hruaimi AFPFL nih 47% seat long an hmuh,hi election hnu AFPFL party lutlai pakhat le kapkhat i zumh lo nak/i huatnak a karh tuk, abik in U Nu le Kyaw Nyien kar ah. U Nu kumkhat deng Prime Minister sinak in a rak dinh kar (June,1956-March, 1957) ah hin U Nu nih Kyaw Nyein a rak zumh lo a zual chin( (Sein Win, 1959. The Split Story. P-21).

Hiti Kyaw Nyien le Ba Swe phu le U Nu,Kyaw Tun le Thakin Tin phu an rak i rem lo tuk hnu ah an party AFPFL zong cu cheu hnih ah Swe-Nyien(Stable AFPFL) le Nu-Tin(Clean AFPFL) tiin an ni cheu thai i Union of Burma vaivuanh in an rak tuah.AFPFL an rak i cheu ah vote an lak i U Nu hruaimi Clean AFPFL nih vote 8 in a rak tei caah cozah a ser than(Ibid.). Hi ti AFPFL a cheu hnu kau ah hin Kyaw Nyien le U Nu an i rem lonak a zual. Kyaw Nyien hruaimi Stable phu nih 'sex maniac' 'mi hur pa' ti tiang in U Nu an rak auh ti a si (Dr.Maung Maung.Burma and Gen. Ne Win.P-243).

Nu-Tin faction nih cozah an ser hnu in Swe-Nyien lei a tangtu parliamentary secretaries, pengkip councils le committee members le cozah riantuan tu vialte an rian an phuah hna. Swe-Nyien phu nih chuah tawn mi Mandaing Daily zong cozah library poah nih cawk ti lo ding in nawl an chuah rih(Sein Win. The Split Story.P-63). Hi ti AFPFL an ni cheu hi Communist ralhrang pawl nih chance ah an ni lak ve i cozah sin an hal mi a tam chin leng mang. Dr. Maung Maung chimnak ah cun, AFPFL an ni cheu hnu thlathum dan September thla ah hin buaibai nak a tam tuk a ti. Union Military Police(Home ministry tangah a um mi) nih uknak a lak lai tibantuk thawng a leng ti a si.Culengah, 1947 Constitution nih State kip kum hra hnu ah Union in chuahkhawhnak nawl a pek mi cu kum 10 a tling cang hoi, KNU nih an headquarters Rangon he mile 9 ai hlatnak ah an rak thial cang ti a si rih ( Martin Smith.Burma:Insurgency and The Politics of Ethnicity.P-175). 

Culawng hlah,1958-1959 caah budget an fehter kho ti lo. Budget fehter dingah Swe-Nyien faction lungtlinnak a hau caah U Nu nih an lung a tlinter kho ti lo. 1947 Constitution section (110) ning in Prime minister nih budget a fehter khawh lo ah cun President nawl peknak(ordinance) in fehter khawh a si i parliament thih ter a hau mi a si. Parliament thihter ah cun election a thar in tuah than a hau nain communist ralhrang le adang hriamtlai phu nih peng tampi an tlaih cang caah election tuah ding a si kho rih lo. Cu tikah, U Nu nih a zumh bikmi ralkap lutlai Ne Win cu 'Caretaker Government' ser ding in a rak sawm ti a si(Sein Win. The Split Story.P-62). 

Cuticun, U Nu nih a sawm tikah a duh lo buin uknak a rak lak. Kumhnih 1958-1960 tiang kawlram prime minister a rak tuan. A mah kuttang ah hin kawlram GDP(kumkhat chung ramchung thilchuak man vialte fonh dih mi a man) Kyat 5600 million leng a rak phan i 1959 hi Independence kan ngah hnu kawlram a thancho bik kum a si. U Nu kuttang 1951 lio kawlram GDP kha Kyat 3431 million lawng a rak si.Shan le Kayah sawbwa pawl an nawl ngeihnak zong an mah lungtling tein a chiahter khawh hna hlei ah U Nu nih a rak ser kho lomi China he border/ramri hnatlaknak zong China he min a rak thut khawh. 1960 election tluang tein a tuah khawh hlei ah nawl ngeihnak zong tluang tein a pek hna caah mipi nih an rak upat i an rak tihzah tuk ti a si. 

Avoihnihnak uknak a laknak lei pehthan te ding! 

Acunglei ka tialmi hi zeilei hmanh tanh bak loin neutral hmuhnak in ka tial mi a si.(Micheu caah cun cohlan a har deuh men lai dah!).  

Ne Win Uknak A Laknak Aruang:Kan Thei Lem Lomi Thil Dik

Ne Win timi min kan theih poah ah mitha lo tak tak ah kan ruat colh leng mang, vawleicung sifak bik dirhmun ah kawlram a phak tertu,mah zawn long ai ruatmi,amah pumpak lawng in kawlram uk a duh caah nawl ngeihnak a lak tbk in theih a si. Nain, kawlram caah thatnak a rak tuah bal mi bel cu kan theih bal lo,a um lo tluk in kan ruat cio men lai. Hihi a dik lem lo, Ne Win kuttangah kawlram a rak rawk tuk nain a rak thancho bik caan zong a um ve. Neutral mit in kan zoh hmanh lai!

Ne Win nih uknak a lak hi voikhat lawng a si lo, voihnih a si. 1962 uknak a lak hi cu amah lungduh a si men lai nain 1958 ah cun cozah hnatlaknak in Prime Minister U Nu nih a duh lo buin a rak pek i 1958-1960 tiang kawlram Prime Minister a rak tuan piak hna.Feb 6, 1960 ah election zong tlamtling tein a rak tuahpiak hna hlei ah nawl ngeihnak zong tluang tein a rak chanh hna. Culawng hlah, Ne Win hi British thawl dingah a rak cawlcangh ngai mi a si. Dobama Asiayone zongah a rak i tel i Aung San hruainak in Japan ram ralkap training a rak kai mi Thirty Comrades zongah a rak tel ve mi a si. Independence kan lak hnu kumkhat dan 1949 ah Karen hriamtlai KNDO nih kawlram an lak dih deng lio, U Nu cozah nih Rangon lawng a rak uk lio i cozah ralkap lutlai(Army Chief of Staff) cu Ne Win hi a rak si. A mah Ne Win nih a kuttang ummi Chin ralkap le Burma ralkap pawl a rak hruai hna caah Insein ral zong an rak tei khawh i U Nu cozah an rak khamh khawh kha a si.Ne Win hi politics khel a duhmi a si lem lo, Aung San telh in Thirty Comrades chungtel tam deuh cu Independence kan ngah ding ai fian hnu ah ralkap kal tak in politics an khel dih. Brig. Kyaw Zaw, Gen. Ne Win le Maj. Bo Bala lawng hi ralkap ah a tangmi an si(Bertil Lintner(Irrawaddy). Whose Army. March 31,2014). 

Voikhatnak Uknak A Laknak Aruang: A voikhatnak Ne Win nih uknak a lak hi U Nu cozah nih kawlram a hruai kho ti lo ruangah a si. AFPFL nih kumriat chungah kawlram 'Pyidawtha' ah kan ser lai i family pakhat nih inn pakhat,mawtaw pakhat,radio pakhat le thlakhat income Kyat 800 cio nan ngah lai tiin mipi ruahchannak an pek mi cu a tak a si kho ti lo i 1955 ah Pyidawtha or Eight-Year plan zong an rak hnon(Dr. Maung Maung. Burma and Gen. Ne Win.P-238).1956 election zongah U Nu hruaimi AFPFL nih 47% seat long an hmuh,hi election hnu AFPFL party lutlai pakhat le kapkhat i zumh lo nak/i huatnak a karh tuk, abik in U Nu le Kyaw Nyien kar ah. U Nu kumkhat deng Prime Minister sinak in a rak dinh kar (June,1956-March, 1957) ah hin U Nu nih Kyaw Nyein a rak zumh lo a zual chin( (Sein Win, 1959. The Split Story. P-21).

Hiti Kyaw Nyien le Ba Swe phu le U Nu,Kyaw Tun le Thakin Tin phu an rak i rem lo tuk hnu ah an party AFPFL zong cu cheu hnih ah Swe-Nyien(Stable AFPFL) le Nu-Tin(Clean AFPFL) tiin an ni cheu thai i Union of Burma vaivuanh in an rak tuah.AFPFL an rak i cheu ah vote an lak i U Nu hruaimi Clean AFPFL nih vote 8 in a rak tei caah cozah a ser than(Ibid.). Hi ti AFPFL a cheu hnu kau ah hin Kyaw Nyien le U Nu an i rem lonak a zual. Kyaw Nyien hruaimi Stable phu nih 'sex maniac' 'mi hur pa' ti tiang in U Nu an rak auh ti a si (Dr.Maung Maung.Burma and Gen. Ne Win.P-243).

Nu-Tin faction nih cozah an ser hnu in Swe-Nyien lei a tangtu parliamentary secretaries, pengkip councils le committee members le cozah riantuan tu vialte an rian an phuah hna. Swe-Nyien phu nih chuah tawn mi Mandaing Daily zong cozah library poah nih cawk ti lo ding in nawl an chuah rih(Sein Win. The Split Story.P-63). Hi ti AFPFL an ni cheu hi Communist ralhrang pawl nih chance ah an ni lak ve i cozah sin an hal mi a tam chin leng mang. Dr. Maung Maung chimnak ah cun, AFPFL an ni cheu hnu thlathum dan September thla ah hin buaibai nak a tam tuk a ti. Union Military Police(Home ministry tangah a um mi) nih uknak a lak lai tibantuk thawng a leng ti a si.Culengah, 1947 Constitution nih State kip kum hra hnu ah Union in chuahkhawhnak nawl a pek mi cu kum 10 a tling cang hoi, KNU nih an headquarters Rangon he mile 9 ai hlatnak ah an rak thial cang ti a si rih ( Martin Smith.Burma:Insurgency and The Politics of Ethnicity.P-175). 

Culawng hlah,1958-1959 caah budget an fehter kho ti lo. Budget fehter dingah Swe-Nyien faction lungtlinnak a hau caah U Nu nih an lung a tlinter kho ti lo. 1947 Constitution section (110) ning in Prime minister nih budget a fehter khawh lo ah cun President nawl peknak(ordinance) in fehter khawh a si i parliament thih ter a hau mi a si. Parliament thihter ah cun election a thar in tuah than a hau nain communist ralhrang le adang hriamtlai phu nih peng tampi an tlaih cang caah election tuah ding a si kho rih lo. Cu tikah, U Nu nih a zumh bikmi ralkap lutlai Ne Win cu 'Caretaker Government' ser ding in a rak sawm ti a si(Sein Win. The Split Story.P-62). 

Cuticun, U Nu nih a sawm tikah a duh lo buin uknak a rak lak. Kumhnih 1958-1960 tiang kawlram prime minister a rak tuan. A mah kuttang ah hin kawlram GDP(kumkhat chung ramchung thilchuak man vialte fonh dih mi a man) Kyat 5600 million leng a rak phan i 1959 hi Independence kan ngah hnu kawlram a thancho bik kum a si. U Nu kuttang 1951 lio kawlram GDP kha Kyat 3431 million long a rak si.Shan le Kayah sawbwa pawl an nawl ngeihnak zong an mah lungtling tein a chiahter khawh hna hlei ah U Nu nih a rak ser kho lomi China he border/ramri hnatlaknak zong China he min a rak thut khawh. 1960 election tluang tein a tuah khawh hlei ah nawl ngeihnak zong tluang tein a pek hna caah mipi nih an rak upat i an rak tihzah tuk ti a si. 

Avoihnihnak uknak a laknak lei pehthan te ding! 

Acunglei ka tialmi hi zeilei hmanh tanh bak loin neutral hmuhnak in ka tial mi a si.(Micheu caah cun cohlan a har deuh men lai dah!).  

February 20 Hi Chin National Day Caah Ai Tlak Maw?

Zeiruangah Dah Pu Za Hre Lian Nih Chin National Day A Rak Hrawh Hnga?



February 20 ah kan tuah tawn mi Chin National Day he pehtlaih in ruahnak tampi a chuak, Feb20 hi kan miphun ni ti tlak a si lo tiin cheukhat nih an doh ngai ve. Cheukhat ruahnak ka van langhter hnik lai:

Zasang Cinzah: "Chin National Day" timi defination (sullam) ka hei tuak tikah, cun, Falam Conference lio politic movement ka von ruah chih tikah, Falam Conference based lak mi "National Day" tiah cawnglawmhnak an rak tuahmi hi cu a tuahtu minthat duh ah an rak tuahmi a si tiah ka ruah ko.

1948 ( Falam Conference) hlan ah hin Chin miphun cu "Nation" tiah recognize kan rak si diam cang.  National Day timi hi "National" pakhat ah cohlan kan si Ni (day) bantuk hi National Day ti usihlaw a dikmi a si hnga tiah ka tuak!  Ka palh dek maw!(Lai Forum:Feb19,2011). 

Ceu Uk Thang:  Ramukbawi le cozah kha a dangte in then khawh a si ko hnga nain then loin an kan kalpi mi hi behind ah something cu a rak um hrimhrim lai tiah lunghrinhnak ka ngei. 

Salai Lunglileng:Hi bantuk "uncivilized manner" in tuahmi ni ttukttak hi cu National Day si ding zong a phu lo i, Pu Vomtumaung i sectarian ideology nih a chuahpimi sawhsawh si. Pu Vomtumaung hi thlanglei Laimi a si caah Lal uknak phung hi a ttha tiah a ruat dingmi minung cu si hrim lo. 

Feb20,1948 CND Caah Ai Tlaknak Aruang:

(1) Miphun tling pakhat kan si nak identity langhternak caah National Day cu kan ngeih awk hrim a si. Cucaah Vomthu Maung hruaimi Chin cozah nih Oct 9,1950 ah kan miphun ni thim ding ceihmainak an rak ngei. Hi ceihmainak ah kan Chin miphunni caah ai tlak deuhmi nithum an rak thim hmasa:Chinmi hruaitu le Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry(FACE) an rak i ton ni April 19,1947; Chin Special Division Act a rak nun ni Oct12,1948 le ramuk bawi phung hlawt in democracy phung kan rak i thim ni Feb20,1948 (Pu Lian Cin.CND Tuanbia.P-1). Hi nithum lakah democracy phung kan rak i thim ni Feb 20, 1948 hi ai tlak bik an ti caah Chin National Day cu rak fehter a si.

Kan Chin tuanbia zoh tikah Feb20,1948 nak in CND caah ai tlak deuhmi nidang a um ti lo. Hi Falam conference ah Chinram chung hruaitu,ramukbawi le khuabawi vialte an tlung i minung 5,000 leng nih an kai kho ti a si(Falam khua in 8mile ai hlatnak um khuami 18+ zong an ni tel chih nain). Nikum Hakha ah an tuah mi Chin National Conference hmanh ah khan minung 571 long nih an kai kho,11% long an si. Hi Chin National Day hi Tedim lei Zo ai timi zong siseh,thlang lei Matupi,Mindat le Kanpalet zong nih kum fatin an sunsak i an cawnglawmh mi a si.  

(2) Falam conference hi Vomthu Maung duhnak men in a chuak mi a si lo.Ramukbawi chan ah hin bawifa le michia fa tiin thleidannak zong a rak tam hlei ah ramukbawi nih mipi sin a lak mi tax a rak rit ngai. Ramukbawi hna kha,  mipi nih, kumkhat lorawl pungkhat cio pek, sakah tik zong ah saliang, savang tibantuk ramuk bawi pek, tibantuk uknak phung a rak um. 1947/8 hrawngah hin Baptist mission thawngin biaknak lei an rak fim ngai cang caah hi bantuk phunglam duhlonak langhter a rak tam ngai cang.Tachunhnak ah Sep,1947 Farrawn khua ah ramubawi phung duhlonak meeting 30 leng nih an rak tuah, Hriangkhan zongah khua 60 in minung 300 hrawng nih meeting an rak tuah rih, Hakha thawnginn zongah minung 600 leng nih an rak buai ve hlei ah Falam District Council zongah minung 200 leng an rak buai ve. Tedim peng lei Zo le Thado pawl zong nih 1946-7 kar ah Kamhaubawi sin in luat ding an rak buai ve. Cuti buaibainak a um ruagah Jan19,1948 Rangon khua ah Tedim lei ramukbawi hna cu an konglam chim awkah kawlram Foreign Minister, Finance minister, Home minister le Chin minister hna he tonnak zong an rak ngei ti a si(Pu Lian Cin.CND Tuanbia.P-2).

Hiti ramukbawi phung duh lo ruangah Chinram hmunkip ah buaibai nak a rak um caah kawlram cozah nih Feb 4,1948 ah Vomthu Maung(Chin minister a rak si lio) hruaimi hlattlai tu committee a rak dirh i cu committee nih Chinram chung ramukbawi le khuabawi vialte Falam ah an rak kawh hna i minung 5,000 hrawng nih ramukbawi phung kan duh ti lo,democracy phung kan duh an rak ti nak kha a si. 

(3) Culong hlah,1947 Constitution a rak nun hlan ah cun mipi thim ho lo in ramukbawi nih MP an rak tlaih a si. Nain, 1947 Constitution a van nung tikah Chinram nih Chamber of Nationalities(Amyota Hlutdaw) ah MP 8 thlah ding a hung si cang. Mah MP pariat hi miphun ngan deuh Asho,Cho,Khomi,Laimi, Mizo and Zo caah chiahpiak a si. Kan Chinram caah ai laklawhnak a rak um,cucu ramdang a um cang mi Mizo le Chindwin lei a um mi Asho miphun hi a ho nih dah a ai-awh hna lai timi hi a si. Cuhleiah Laimi lakah hin Falam lei Tlaisun Democratic Council an rak thawng ngai,an nih hi mirang chan in democracy phung an rak hmang diam cang. Thlanglei Cho le Kho-mi hi ramukbawi an rak ngei hoi lo,cucaah thimnak tuahlo in a ho hmanh nih ai awh khawh a rak si ve lo (Lian H. Sakhong. In Search of Chin Identity.P-220).Hika zawn te ah Shan Sawbwa le Kahin Duwas pawl he kan rak i dan nak a si. Kan Chinram caah cun ramukbawi nih a kan huap kho ti lo.

Hi bantuk ai laklawhnak le buaibainak vialte hi mipi duhnak lak lem loin nam chih le zoh sawh sawh khawh a rak si lai lo. Cutikah,Falam conference zong cu an rak tuah i hi viate buaibainak an rak khamh khawh kha a si. 

Cucaah,Feb20,1948 Falam conference hi ramukbawi caah cun an nawlngeihnak a dihni a si caah a rak har ngai ko lai nain mipi caah cun ramukbawi phung in luatnak kan lak ni a si hlei ah kan Chinram chung democracy kan rak tep hmasat ni a rak si ve ti khawh a si. Miphun tling kan si caah miphunni(National Day) kan herh,kan miphun ni caah ai tlak bik cu Feb20,1948 Falam conference hi a si ko hnga lo maw! 

Note: Acunglei quote ka lak mi kha hmunhma ka ngeih deuh lo caah ka duh biknak zawn te ka lak mi a si.Raka theithiam hram uh! 

Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry(FACE) le Chinmi Hruaitu I Tonnak (Part-2)

Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry(FACE) le Chinmi Hruaitu I Tonnak (Part-1)

Chief Thang Tin Lian hruaimi Falam lei hruaitu hna he an ni ton hnu in FACE hlattlaitu cu Pu Za Hre (Lian) he an ni tong than hna. Anih cu a mah pakhat long in a ton hna.Pu Za Hre Lian hi U Nu Chan 1956-62 tiang Chin Minister a rak tuan mi a si. Chin National Day zong kumthum chung a rak hrawh bal. 1961 Taungkyi conference ah tlangcungmi hruaitu 226 chungah 223 nih U Chan Htoon tialmi 1947 Constitution cu federal constitution a si lo,Federal hrambunh a si mi Aung San version in phunghram kan remhpiak uh tiin min an rak thut lio ah amah le adang pahnih long nih min an rak thut duh lo,a rak kir tak bal hna(Lian H. Sakhong. The Dynamics of Sixty Years of Ethnic Armed Conflict in Burma.P-6). A nih hi tuan deuh FACE nih bia an hal mi Zahau Ramukbawi Thang Tin Lian a fa palinak a si.Hi tonnak hi kawlram Independence kan ngah hlan April 19,1947 Maymyo khua ah tuah a si.  

Chairman Rees-William: Falam lei aiawhtu na si maw? 

Za Hre Lian: Ai,a ho hmanh ka aiawh hna lo. 

Chairman: Si cun zeidah chim na duh?

Za Hre Lian:Kei chim ka duhmi cu Constituent Assembly(Constitution Tialtu bu,hihi caan karlak cozah an si) nih Chinram internal affairs zeitindah a tawlrel awk timi hi a si. Kei ka ruahnak ah cun Constituent Assembly nih a tawrel ding phunkhat (common subjects) le kan mah tein tawlrel ding phunkhat(reserved subjects) tiin nawlngeihnak phunhnih kan ngeih awk a si. Zeibantuk dah common subjects(central cozah nih tawlrel ding) le reserved subjects(Chinmi nih tawrel ding) timi hrilhfiah ka duh. (I want to speak about how the Constituent Assembly should handle the internal affairs of our country. In my opinion, we must have reserved subjects and common subjects in the Chin Hills; as to common subjects, the Constituent Assembly can handle them; and for reserved subjects, the Council or whatever it may be of the Chin Hills must be left alone to handle them. For this purpose i would like to outline which subjects should be common, which reserved). 

Chairman: Constituent Assembly nih mah subjects(internal affairs) vialte hi a tawlrel lai lo. Constitution tu an suai lai. Chinram hi Burma Proper ah maw a lut lai or Burma Proper le adang tlangcung mi vialte i fonhnak 'Federation' ah dah?(The Constituent Assembly will not handle all these subjects. They will frame the Constitution. Should the Chin Hills go into Ministerial Burma or be joined in the federation with Burma and the other Frontier Areas?). 

Za Hre Lian: Saya, Burma Proper chungah kan luh awk a si ka ti. (Sir, i think we should go into Ministerial Burma).    

Chairman: Chinram cozah Council nih a tawlrel ding subjects(internal affairs) a um awk a si na ti maw?(Do you wish certain subjects to be left to be dealt with by the Council of the Chin Hills?). 

Za Hre Lian: Aw,ka ti. 

Chairman:Zeibantuk dah an si lai? 

Za Hre Lian: A tlangpi in thitumning phung(marriage law) le kan nunphung (local customs) hna hi kan mah tein kan tawlrel awk a si. Ramchung thilchuak, posts le telegraphs, i pehtlaihnak communication, fimcawnnak lei le ngandamnak lei hna hi Burma Proper cozah nih a tawlrel awk a si. (Roughly Marriage law and local customs; Revenues, Posts and Telegraphs, Communication, Education and public health should be dealt with by the Burma Government).   

The Honble U Tin Tut(Burma): Mah hi midang an ruahnak zong a si ve lai dah. 

(Chairman nih lawmh bia a chim i meeting an ngol)

Hakha lei hruaitu he an ni tong than:

Hakha lei hruaitu hna:
(1) Chief Mang Ling
(2) Chief Van Kio
(3) Chief Mang Kio

Chairman: Hakha lei aiawhtu nan si maw? 

Chief Mang Ling: Aw,kan si. 

Chairman:Memorandum catlhuan chungtel hna hi nan lungtling maw? 

Chief Mang Ling: Aw,kan za tein kan lungtling ko.

Chairman: Nan memorandum ah pakhat kai fiang lo ngai mi a um. Burma Proper chung district pakhat or pakhatnak tam in um maw nan duh a si lo le tlangcungmi vialte le Proper Burma fonh in sermi Federal Cozah tangah dah um nan duh? 

Chief Mang Ling: ‘Federation’ timi literature meaning kan ni fiang lo. Kan mah kan duhmi cu Burma chung district pakhat in um kan duh. (We do not know the literal meaning of ‘federation’. What we want is to join with Burma as a district in Burma).

Chairman: Chim rih na duhmi a um ti maw? 

Chief Mang Ling: A um ti lo,Saya. 

(Chairman nih lawmh bia a chim i meeting an ngol). 

Note:Ka lehmi ka khen lo nak a um kho caah mirang ca in ka rak tial chih pah nak a si.

               (Peh than ding)

  

Zeiruangah Dah Pu Za Hre Lian Nih Chin National Day A Rak Hrawh Hnga?

Vomthu Maung hruaimi Chin Affairs Council cozah nih October 9, 1950 ah Chin miphun nih Democracy system kan rak i thim ni Feb 20,1948 hi Chin National Day siseh tiah an rak fehter. Nain,Pu Za Hre Lian hruaimi cozah thar an kai hnu July 1956 ah 'Chin National Day' rak hrawh a si. Hiti an hrawh lio ah Chin MP 14 an rak si i 12 nih hnatlak pi a si, Pu Hrang Nawl le Capt. Mang Tung Nung long nih fak pi in an rak doh. Pu Hrang Nawl lebang nih cun, "Kan miphun ni kan hrawk kho lo,kan hrawh lai nan ti zongah ka hna a tla lo. Cucaah,nan hrawh zongah 'Hrang Nawl a hna a tla lo' tiah roca nan tial lai" tiin a rak chim bal ti a si. Zeiruangah dah hitluk Chin miphun nih kan sunsak mi February 20 'CND' an rak hrawh hnga timi hi ruahawk ngai cu a si.

Dr. Hre Kio tialmi Pu Za Hre Lian biography 'Zahre Lian of Burma' timi cauk ah Feb 20 tuahmi 'CND' a rak duh lonak a ruang hmuh khawh pah a si. Cahmai 74 ah hiti hin Pu Za Hre Lian nih a chim,"It was ironic that the day when the resolution was passed to arbitrarily and suddenly remove the Chiefs and headmen who had been a part of the traditional cultural system for many generations was to be called Chin National Day", 'Chan tampi kan nunphung bantuk in kan hman mi ramukbawi phung ruah lo piin kan hrawh ni(Feb 20, 1948) hi Chin National Day tiin kan auh cu ai dawh cah lo ngai' tiin a tial.Hihi ruahphu ngai zong a si ve ko. 

Cahmai 75 ah hiti hin a tial rih,"It was also a matter of amusement for me to hear that some of my political opponents tried to discredit me by falsely accusing me, when i became the Chin Minister, of having made my own birthday to be the Chin National Day. My birthday is February 22", 'Chin minister ka si ah ramkhel lei a ka dohtu cheukhat nih ka chuahni Chin National Day ah a ser tiah an ka puh len mi zong nih chuak ngai a si fawn.Ka chuahni cu February 22 a si'. Hihi December 4 maw a chim duh or Feb 20 hi dah timi a fiang set lo. Pu Za Hre Lian hruainak in December 4, 1956 ah 'Pangpar Puai' tiin Hakha ah an rak tuah bal(Pu Lian Cin.CND Tuanbia.P-4). Nain, Feb 22 cu Feb 20 he a naih deuh caah Feb 20 hi a ti hnawh mi si dawh in a lang. Hiti an rak puh lengmang nak hi CND hrawh a rak duhnak aruang tampi lakah pakhat a si kho ve. 

Chin Nation Day tuah ding in biahram a thawktu Vomthu Maung he an rak i rem lo hi CND an rak hrawhnak a ruang ngan bik pakhat a si lai tiah ka ruah. Pu Za Hre Lian a biography cauk 'Zahre Lian of Burma' timi cahmai 84-90 kar ah 'My differences with Vomthu Maung' 'Vomthu Maung he kan i dannak' tiin cahmai 6 bak a tial. Pakhat nak ah Southern Deputy Commissioner Headquarters thial nak kongah a si. Kanpalet le Mindat kar um Misisik timi khua ah DC Headquarters thar an rak sak. Hi headquarters thar hi inn,ti le mei hna a tha lo caah Deputy Commissioner Pu Za Hre Lian cu ai thial duh lo. Pahnihnak ah Pu Za Hre Lian kuttang riantuan tu(staff) tam deuh hi Vomthu Maung te khua lei deuh an si rua. Hihi Pu Za Hre Lian nih a duh lo caah Ministry of Chin Affairs cozah sinah report a tuah. Pathumnak ah Pu Ki Ling hi ralhrang he ai pehtlaih tiin Vomthu Maung nih a puh i hi pa tlaih dingah Pu Za Hre Lian a fial.Nain, Pu Za Hre Lian nih evidence um lo in ka tlai kho lo a ti than ve.

Hiti pakhat le pakhat kar lungtlin lonak an ngei hnu kumkhat dan ah Minister Vomthu Maung nih Pu Za Hre Lian rian a thlak, Kanpalet ah Deputy Commissioner a tuan lio mi kha Hakha ah Sub-divisional Officer a tuan ter. Cutikah, Pu Zahre Lian nih Hakha pawngkam ramukbawi le hruaitu tampi meeting a kauh hna i hnathlaknak pahnih an tuah.

(1) Chin Affairs minister(Vomthu Maung) cungah zumhnak kan ngei lo caah a rian in i din(resign) seh.
(2) Rangon a um mi Commissioner of Chin Special Division zung cu Chinram chungah thial seh.

Cuhnu thlakhat dan ah Pu Za Hre Lian cu Moulmein ah an thial,cun Tavoy an thial than, cuhnu tlawmpal ah Victoria Point ah i thial ding ca a rak phan than tikah a thin hung. Kumkhat chungah Kanpalet- Hakha, Hakha-Moulemein, Moulemein-Tavoy, Tavoy-Victoria point thial a si. Zahau ramuk bawi fa ve lo bang,hiti kumkhat chung chukcho thial lengmang cu a rak celh ti rua lo,Victoria point ah kal ti loin Rangon ah Vomthu Maung a va kal hnawh. Rangon ah Vomthu Maung he an ni tong. Sau ngai bia an ni al hnu ah ka rian in ka din, party ka dirh lai i nangmah kan zuam(challenge) lai tiin bia a tianh ta. Cauk ah hitihin a tial, "Finally, i stated that i would form a political party, and challenge his his party in the coming general election"(Zahre Lian of Burma.P-99).Cu tlawmpal ah Chin Congress Party a dirh i 1951 general election ah Vomthu Maung party cu cei lak in a rak tei.  

Pu Za Hre Lian nih Chin National Day a rak thih ter hi Vomthu Maung thil a tuahmi poah a rem lo ruangah a si kho ngai. A nih hi a biography rel tikah milung hak ngai a si ti cu theih khawh ngai a si. Vomthu Maung zong nih a cungah a rak tha lo ngai ve. Kumkhat ah voili tiang rian thial cu a dik lo ngai ko. Pu Za Hre Lian hi Chinmi nih 'National Day' kan ngeih ve hrim a herh ti cu a rak thei ve ko lai, vawleipi nih an duhbik mi le a tha bik an timi democracy system kan rak i thim ni February 20,1948 tluk in National Day ah ser tlak a si mi nidang a kan ngei lo ti zong a fiang tuk ko lai dah.